Renal Oncocytosis in a Pediatric Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Renal oncocytosis is a rare condition in which the kidney develops numerous oncocytomas. We present a case of a 12-year-old female who presented with right-sided flank pain of one-year duration. Imaging revealed several masses in the right kidney. Tissue biopsy confirmed multiple benign oncocytomas. Due to the presence of multiple oncocytomas throughout the kidney, a radical nephrectomy was performed. Given the rarity of this condition, as well as its known association with von Hippel-Lindau disease and Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, genetic investigations were pursued but failed to identify any abnormalities. This patient remains well and disease free six years after surgery. A review of the literature of this rare condition was performed

Gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle par les filles en milieu scolaire de la ville Niamey-Niger : Etude transversale

Objectif : Le but de cette étude était d’analyser la gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle par les jeunes filles en milieu scolaire de Niamey et d’identifier les obstacles liés à la bonne gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle afin d’améliorer leur santé sexuelle et reproductive. Matériels et méthodes : C’était une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique portant sur l’hygiène menstruelle des filles en milieu scolaire dans la ville de Niamey pendant la période du 15 au 29 novembre 2023. Au total 824 jeunes filles ont participé à l’étude. Les données ont été saisies et analysées avec le logiciel épi-info 7.1. Résultats : L’âge moyen des enquêtées était de 14,56 ans avec des extrêmes de 9 ans et 22 ans. L’âge moyen de survenue des ménarches était de 13 ans avec des extrêmes entre 11 et 14 ans. Les filles savaient dans 91,62% que la survenue des règles est un phénomène naturel lié à la maturité biologique. Les mères représentent les principales sources d’information (70,15%). La survenue des menstrues est vécue comme une période d’inconfort chez les jeunes filles traduit par la douleur (59,35%) et la fatigue (17,11%) ressenties. La protection est assurée par du matériel recommandé (serviettes hygiéniques et coton) dans 75,64%. La majorité des filles change leur couche absorbante au moins trois fois par jour. Dans leurs écoles, 45,38% (374 cas) des filles n’avaient pas d’endroit pour changer leurs couches absorbantes. Le pourcentage des filles qui ne partaient pas à l’école pendant leurs règles était de 15,16%. Conclusion : La gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle est un défi majeur en milieu scolaire de Niamey. Les établissement scolaires publics n’offrent pas un environnement qualifiant à la gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle. Une synergie d’actions impliquant tous les acteurs, afin de promouvoir les bonnes pratiques d’hygiène menstruelle peut contribuer à relever ce défi.   Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the management of menstrual hygiene by schoolgirls in Niamey and to identify the obstacles to good management of menstrual hygiene in order to improve their sexual and reproductive health. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of menstrual hygiene among schoolgirls in the city of Niamey during the period 15-29 November 2023. A total of 824 girls participated in the study. The data were entered and analysed using epi-info 7.1 software. Results: The average age of the women surveyed was 14.56 years, with extremes of 9 and 22 years. The average age at menarche was 13, with extremes between 11 and 14. 91.62% of girls knew that menarche is a natural phenomenon linked to biological maturity. Mothers were the main sources of information (70.15%). The onset of menstruation is experienced as a period of discomfort by young girls, reflected in the pain (59.35%) and fatigue (17.11%) felt. Protection was provided by recommended materials (sanitary towels and cotton) in 75.64% of cases. The majority of girls changed their absorbent nappy at least three times a day. In their schools, 45.38% (374 cases) of the girls had no place to change their absorbent nappies. The percentage of girls who did not go to school during their period was 15.16%. Conclusion: Menstrual hygiene management is a major challenge in Niamey schools. Public schools do not provide a suitable environment for menstrual hygiene management. A synergy of actions involving all stakeholders, in order to promote good menstrual hygiene practices, can help meet this challenge

Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des filles en milieu scolaire de la ville de Niamey (Niger) face à la gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle en 2023

Introduction : Le problème de gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle semble préoccupant pour les adolescentes, du fait du manque d’informations et d’expérience pour gérer convenablement leurs périodes menstruelles. L’objectif de ce travail était d’étudier les connaissances attitudes et pratiques des filles en milieu scolaire à Niamey (Niger) face à la gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle en 2023. Méthodes : C’était une étude transversale à visée descriptive et analytique déroulée du 15 au 29 novembre 2023 dans deux établissements d’enseignement secondaires de la ville de Niamey. L’étude a inclue toutes les élèves filles fréquentant ces établissements. Les élèves filles qui ont refusé de répondre au questionnaire étaient exclues de l’étude. Les données ont été saisies et analysées avec le logiciel épi-info 7.1. Le test du Khi 2 de Karl PEARSON a été le test statistique utilisé pour la comparaison des proportions, il est significatif si P ≤ 0,05. Résultats : Au total 824 jeunes filles ont participé à l’étude. L’âge moyen des enquêtées était de 14,56 ans avec des extrêmes de 9 ans et 22 ans. L’âge moyen de survenue des ménarches était de 13 ans avec des extrêmes entre 11 et 14 ans. Les filles savaient dans 91,62% que la survenue des règles est un phénomène naturel lié à la maturité biologique. Les mères représentent les principales sources d’information (70,15%). La survenue des menstrues est vécue comme une période d’inconfort chez les jeunes filles traduit par la douleur (59,35%) et la fatigue (17,11%) ressenties. La protection est assurée par du matériel recommandé (serviettes hygiéniques et coton) dans 75,64%. La majorité des filles change leur couche absorbante au moins trois fois par jour. Dans leurs écoles, 45,38% (374 cas) des filles n’avaient pas d’endroit pour changer leurs couches absorbantes. Le pourcentage des filles qui ne partaient pas à l’école pendant leurs règles était de 15,16%. Conclusion : La gestion de l’hygiène menstruelle est un défi majeur en milieu scolaire à Niamey. Une synergie d’actions impliquant tous les acteurs (Parents d’élèves, chefs religieux, autorités politiques et académiques), peut contribuer à relever ce défi.   Introduction: The problem of menstrual hygiene management seems to be a cause for concern for adolescent girls, due to a lack of information and experience in managing their menstrual periods properly. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of schoolgirls in Niamey (Niger) regarding menstrual hygiene management in 2023. Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted from 15 to 29 November 2023 in two secondary schools in the city of Niamey. The study included all female students attending these schools. Female students who refused to answer the questionnaire were excluded from the study. The data were entered and analysed using epi-info 7.1 software. The Karl PEARSON Chi-square test was used to compare proportions; it is significant if P ≤ 0.05. Results: The average age of the women surveyed was 14.56 years, with extremes of 9 and 22 years. The average age at menarche was 13, with extremes between 11 and 14. 91.62% of girls knew that menarche is a natural phenomenon linked to biological maturity. Mothers were the main sources of information (70.15%). The onset of menstruation is experienced as a period of discomfort by young girls, reflected in the pain (59.35%) and fatigue (17.11%) felt. Protection was provided by recommended materials (sanitary towels and cotton) in 75.64% of cases. The majority of girls changed their absorbent nappy at least three times a day. In their schools, 45.38% (374 cases) of the girls had no place to change their absorbent nappies. The percentage of girls who did not go to school during their period was 15.16%. Conclusion: The management of menstrual hygiene is a major challenge in the school environment in Niamey. A synergy of actions involving all stakeholders (parents, religious leaders, political and academic authorities) can help to meet this challenge

Enumerating pelvic recurrence following radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: A canadian multi-institutional study

Introduction: We aimed to enumerate the rate of pelvic recurrence following radical cystectomy at university-affiliated hospitals in Canada. Methods: Canadian, university-affiliated hospitals were invited to participate. They were asked to identify the first 10 consecutive patients undergoing radical cystectomy starting January 1, 2005, who had urothelial carcinoma stages pT3/T4 N0-2 M0. The first 10 consecutive cases starting January 1, 2005 who met these criteria were the patients submitted by that institution with information regarding tumour stage, age, number of nodes removed, and last known clinical status in regard to recurrence and patterns of failure. Results: Of the 111 patients, 80% had pT3 and 20% pT4 disease, with 62% being node-negative, 14% pN1, and 27% pN2; 57% had 10 or more nodes removed. Cumulative incidence of pelvic relapse was 40% among the entire group Conclusions: This review demonstrates a high rate of pelvic tumour recurrence following radical cystectomy for pT3/T4 urothelial cancer

Resurgence of Ebola virus in 2021 in Guinea suggests a new paradigm for outbreaks

These authors contributed equally: Alpha K. Keita, Fara R. Koundouno, Martin Faye, Ariane Düx, Julia Hinzmann.International audienc

Accuracy Assessment of the ESA CCI 20M Land Cover Map: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa

This working paper presents the overall and spatial accuracy assessment of the European Space Agency (ESA) 20 m prototype land cover map for Africa for four countries: Kenya, Gabon, Ivory Coast and South Africa. This accuracy assessment was undertaken as part of the ESA-funded CrowdVal project. The results varied from 44% (for South Africa) to 91% (for Gabon). In the case of Kenya (56% overall accuracy) and South Africa, these values are largely caused by the confusion between grassland and shrubland. However, if a weighted confusion matrix is used, which diminishes the importance of the confusion between grassland and shrubs, the overall accuracy for Kenya increases to 79% and for South Africa, 75%. The overall accuracy for Ivory Coast (47%) is a result of a highly fragmented land cover, which makes it a difficult country to map with remote sensing. The exception was Gabon with a high overall accuracy of 91%, but this can be explained by the high amount of tree cover across the country, which is a relatively easy class to map

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Structure et rhéologie des pétroles bruts paraffiniques

PARIS-BIUSJ-Thèses (751052125) / SudocCentre Technique Livre Ens. Sup. (774682301) / SudocPARIS-BIUSJ-Physique recherche (751052113) / SudocSudocFranceF

Inégalités entre les ménages dirigés par les hommes et ceux dirigés par les femmes à Ouagadougou : entre déterminisme et spécificités

Dans cette étude, nous examinons le lien entre le sexe du chef de ménage et la relation à la pauvreté du ménage à Ouagadougou. L’analyse en composantes principales et la two step cluster analysis ont été appliquées aux données du Recensement général de la population et de l’habitat du Burkina Faso de 2006. Elles ont permis de comparer les caractéristiques socioéconomiques du groupe des hommes et du groupe des femmes chefs d’un ménage et de distinguer différents sous-groupes les composant. Les résultats indiquent que les femmes jeunes, actives et célibataires ou mariées affichent la plus grande proximité avec le niveau de vie « élevé ». Le groupe des femmes âgées, inactives et principalement veuves présente les conditions de vie les plus médiocres. Les ménages dirigés par un homme tendent eux à se situer plus au milieu, dans la classe moyenne. La situation des femmes chefs de ménage à Ouagadougou se révèle être à l’intersection de la classe sociale et du cycle de vie.Using principal component analysis and cluster analysis on census data, the paper examines the relationship between the gender of the household head and poverty in Ouagadougou. First, we investigated whether the distinction of households based on the sex of the household head sufficiently explains the differences between female and male headed households. Second, we investigated whether households headed by women were systematically more impoverished than those headed by men. The results indicated that of the different sub-categories of household heads identified in the analyses, the sub-group of young, active women, married or single, is the most closely associated with “high standard of living” households. The group composed of elderly, inactive widows has the most unsatisfactory living conditions. These results underline the importance of social class and life cycle in the relationship between poverty and female headed households