Effect of interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed and essential oil yield of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) genotypes

Field experiments conducted at Dharwad (Kamataka, India), to study the effect of interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed yield and essential oil yield of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) genotypes, revealed that number of tertiary branches increased significantly with increasing levels of interaction of phosphorus and nitrogen in the genotypes BEN-l and BEN-2. The number of umbels increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combinations. Significantly higher number of seeds was recorded in BEN-l at P50 + N100 and at P50 + N25 in BEN-2. Thousand seed weight significantly decreased in BEN-l with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combination, whereas in BEN-2 it increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combinations. Seed yields were signifiantly higher at P50 + N100 in BEN-l (20.50 q ha-1) and BEN-2 (14.61 q ha-1), respectively. Essential oil yields were significantly higher at P50 + N100 in BEN-l (82.04 kg ha-1) and BEN-2 (26.30 kg ha-1), respectively. &nbsp

Effect of interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed and essential oil yield of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi L.) genotypes

Field experiments conducted at Dharwad (Kamataka, India), to study the effect of interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus on seed yield and essential oil yield of ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) genotypes, revealed that number of tertiary branches increased significantly with increasing levels of interaction of phosphorus and nitrogen in the genotypes BEN-l and BEN-2. The number of umbels increased significantly with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combinations. Significantly higher number of seeds was recorded in BEN-l at P50 + N100 and at P50 + N25 in BEN-2. Thousand seed weight significantly decreased in BEN-l with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combination, whereas in BEN-2 it increased with increasing levels of phosphorus and nitrogen combinations. Seed yields were signifiantly higher at P50 + N100 in BEN-l (20.50 q ha-1) and BEN-2 (14.61 q ha-1), respectively. Essential oil yields were significantly higher at P50 + N100 in BEN-l (82.04 kg ha-1) and BEN-2 (26.30 kg ha-1), respectively. &nbsp

Effect of Organics and Inorganics on Yield Parameters in Bell Pepper under Open Condition

Investigations were carried out to study the effect of organics on yield and fruit quality parameters in bell pepper grown under open condition. Split plot design, with three replications, was adopted taking two bell pepper varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local (as main-plot treatments) and nutrient source (as sub-plot treatments). Variety California Wonder performed better with respect to yield parameters compared to the Local variety. Application of 100% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through a combination of 50% FYM and 50% poultry manure (O5) as basal dose recorded significantly higher fruit yield (16.33 t/ha) and yield components over other treatments. Among interactions, O5 (FYM (50%) + poultry manure (50%) recorded significantly higher fruit yield (18.47 t/ha), followed by 18.31 t/ha with organic application in O1 (FYM (50%) + Vermicompost (50%) in California Wonder variety

Effect of Organic Cultivation of Capsicum annuum L. on Soil Microbial Properties under Open-Field and Shade-House Conditions

Two bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) varieties, viz., California Wonder and Gangavati Local, were raised under nine completely organic nutrient sources, along with recommended package of practices, and, under completely inorganic nutrient sources. Irrespective of the variety and growing environment, there was substantial increase in total bacterial count (22.97% and 24.98%), population of fungi (20.23% and 20.23%), actinomycetes (36.89% and 36.83%) and mycorrhiza (44.63% and 29.40%) in open-field and shade-house conditions, respectively, in all the nutrient combinations where organic sources were used, compared to the inorganic treatment. All organic nutrient sources used were found to be similar in their effect on soil microbes

Blend Hydrogel Microspheres of Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Gelatin for the Controlled Release of 5-Fluorouracil

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was synthesized and blended with gelatin (GE) to prepare hydrogel microspheres by w/o emulsion cross-linking in the presence of glutaraldehyde (GA), which acted as a cross-linker. 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) was encapsulated to investigate its controlled release (CR) characteristics in acidic (pH 1.2) and alkaline (pH 7.4) buffer media. The microspheres which formed were spherical in nature, with smooth surfaces, as judged by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the carboxymethylation of CS and the chemical stability of 5-FU in the formulations. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the physical state and molecular level dispersion of 5-FU. Equilibrium swelling of microspheres was performed in water, in order to understand the water uptake properties. The in vitro release of 5-FU was extended up to 12 h in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer, revealing an encapsulation efficiency of 72%. The effects of blend composition, the extent of cross-linking, and initial drug loading on the in vitro release properties, were investigated. When analyzed through empirical equations, the release data suggested a non-Fickian transport mechanism