Bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle: a rare anatomical variation

We report a case of bilateral reversed palmaris longus muscle (PLM). The muscle was tendinous in its upper portion and muscular in its lower portion in both arms. This rare variation has been mentioned only once in the literature as a surgical finding. According to the literature, a reversed PLM may cause a compartment syndrome in the wrist area, carpal tunnel, and Guyon’s syndrome. The described variation is also useful to the hand surgeon as a tendon graft, a tendon for transfer, or as an anatomical landmark for operations at this area

A flourescent probe study of the effect of size on the properties of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride vesicles

Fluorescence techniques are used to study the effect of size on the properties of dioctadecyldimethylammonium chloride vesicles. The solubilization site and the deactivation rates of excited pyrene by bromide counterions and oxygen are markedly dependent on vesicle size at low temperature and strongly affected by the gel-liquid crystalline phase transition. The results obtained are accounted for by considering the structural differences between large and small vesicles. It is shown that the temperature dependence of the interaction rate between the probe and oxygen can used to monitor the changes in vesicle fluidity accompanying the gel-liquid cystalline phase transition and the sensitivity of the fluidity and phase transition temperature to the incorporation of additives (n-octanol). The effect of vesicle size upon the capacity to incorporate n-alkanols (from hexanol to nonanol) and carbon tetrachloride was also examined. From the measurement of the partition constants in both vesicl