Prenatal Diagnosis of Hydro(metro)colpos: A Series of 20 Cases

Background: Hydrocolpos and hydrometrocolpos are rare malformations caused by accumulation of secretion due to congenital obstruction of the vagina. Hydro(metro)colpos may be isolated or can be combined with other malformations as part of a syndromic disorder. We report on a series of 20 cases with hydro(metro) colpos diagnosed prenatally, delineate the differential diagnoses, and illustrate the spectrum of associated malformations. Subjects and Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 20 fetuses with hydro(metro) colpos at two large tertiary referral centers in Germany over an 18-year period (2000-2017). Results: The median diagnosis was made at 30(+4) weeks of gestation, the earliest at 20(+6) weeks, the latest at 37(+2) weeks. All 20 fetuses presented with the typical cystic structure behind the fetal bladder. Additional malformations included urogenital malformations, hexadactyly, and heart defects. Postnatal fol-low-up revealed that hydro(metro)colpos was associated with anorectal malformation in 11/20 fetuses, McKusick-Kaufman syndrome or Bardet-Biedl syndrome in 4/20 fetuses, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome in 3/20 fetuses, and Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome in 1/20. In 1 fetus pressure from an intraabdominal teratoma resulted in prenatal hydro(metro) colpos. Conclusion: Hydro(metro) colpos is a rare prenatal sonographic feature. Multidisciplinary prenatal counseling should include all potential syndromes that can present with hydro(metro) colpos in the prenatal setting. (c) 2018 S. Karger AG, Base

Isolated bladder exstrophy in prenatal diagnosis

PurposeIsolated classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) is the most common variant of the bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). The BEEC represents a spectrum ranging from isolated epispadias over CBE to the most severe form, cloacal exstrophy. We report on a series of 12 cases with CBE diagnosed prenatally and illustrate the spectrum of prenatal ultrasound findings with comparison to prior published reports on this entity.MethodsThis was a retrospective study involving 12 fetuses with CBE at two large tertiary referral centers in Germany over a 14-year period (2004-2018).ResultsMedian diagnosis was made with ultrasound in 24+5 (IQR(25,75): 21+2, 29+0) weeks of gestation. All fetuses presented with the pathognomonic findings non-visualization of the fetal bladder and protruding abdominal mass below the umbilical cord insertion. All fetuses showed normal kidney anatomy and normal amniotic fluid throughout pregnancy. Epispadia was visible prenatally on ultrasound in 6/8 male fetuses. 1/12 Parents opted for termination of pregnancy, 11/12 fetuses were live born and received reconstructive surgery.ConclusionsIsolated CBE is an extremely rare prenatal sonographic finding. Prenatal diagnostics should exclude additional malformations within the spectrum of cloacal malformations