Percepção docente sobre práticas e instrumentos de avaliação na Educação Física

This study was aimed  to analyse the teacher perception about pratictices and instruments of Physical Education evaluations on early childhood education and elementary school I. 16 teachers participated, who teach this school subject  in both the stages. It was used the questionnaire as research instruments, and the datas were analyzed on Software SPSS. It presented that most part of teachers agree with the use of avaluation, On the other hand, more of   half of the participants disagree of recuparation. The majority of teachers disagree of disapproval and this was considered positive. The student and teachers Observations and self-assessment, were the instruments most used. It was possible conclude that the teachers perception has been positive in relation to assessment on Physical Education in theses stages, however, the assessment in the initial teacher training is put in discussion yet.  The utilization of instruments, like observation and self-assessment, are learning assessment qualitative atribute on pysical education.El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la percepción docente sobre prácticas e instrumentos de evaluación de la Educación Física en Educación Infantil y Primaria I. Participaron 16 docentes que imparten este componente curricular en ambas etapas. Como instrumento de investigación se utilizó el cuestionario y los datos se analizaron mediante el software SPSS. Se observó que la mayoría de los profesores están de acuerdo con el uso de la evaluación, sin embargo, más de la mitad de los participantes no está de acuerdo con la recuperación. La mayoría no está de acuerdo con la desaprobación y esto se consideró positivo. Los instrumentos más utilizados fueron las observaciones y la autoevaluación de alumnos y profesores. Se concluye que la percepción de los docentes ha sido positiva en relación a la evaluación en educación física en estas etapas, sin embargo la evaluación en la formación inicial de los docentes aún está en discusión. El uso de instrumentos como la observación y la autoevaluación favorecen el carácter cualitativo de la evaluación del aprendizaje en Educación Física.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a percepção docente sobre práticas e instrumentos avaliativos de Educação Física na Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental I. Participaram 16 professores que ministram este componente curricular em ambas as etapas. Como instrumento de pesquisa, utilizou-se o questionário e os dados foram analisados por meio do Software SPSS. Observou-se que a maior parte dos professores concorda com a utilização de avaliação, no entanto mais da metade dos participantes discordam da recuperação. A maioria discorda da reprovação e considerou-se isso positivo. Os instrumentos mais utilizados foram observações e auto avaliação do aluno e do professor. Conclui-se que a percepção dos docentes tem sido positiva em relação avaliação na educação física nestas etapas, no entanto a avaliação na formação inicial de professores ainda é posta em discussão. A utilização de instrumentos como observação e auto avaliação favorecem o caráter qualitativo da avaliação da aprendizagem na Educação Física

Aripiprazole offsets mutant ATXN3-induced motor dysfunction by targeting dopamine D2 and serotonin 1A and 2A receptors in C. elegans

The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole is a Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for the treatment of psychotic, mood, and other psychiatric disorders. Previous drug discovery efforts pinpointed aripiprazole as an effective suppressor of Machado–Joseph disease (MJD) pathogenesis, as its administration resulted in a reduced abundance and aggregation of mutant Ataxin-3 (ATXN3) proteins. Dopamine partial agonism and functional selectivity have been proposed as the main pharmacological mechanism of action of aripiprazole in the treatment of psychosis; however, this mechanism remains to be determined in the context of MJD. Here, we focus on confirming the efficacy of aripiprazole to reduce motor dysfunction in vivo, using a Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model of MJD, and on unveiling the drug targets required for its positive action against mutant ATXN3 pathogenesis. We employed pharmacogenetics and pharmacological approaches to identify which dopamine and serotonin receptors are critical for aripiprazole-mediated improvements in motor function. We demonstrated that dopamine D2-like and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors play important roles in this process. Our findings strengthen the relevance of dopaminergic and serotoninergic signaling modulation against mutant ATXN3-mediated pathogenesis. The identification of aripiprazole’s cellular targets, relevant for MJD and perhaps other neurodegenerative diseases, may pave the way for prospective drug discovery and development campaigns aiming to improve the features of this prototypical compound and reduce side effects not negligible in the case of aripiprazole.This work was funded by FEDER through the Competitiveness Internationalization Operational Program (POCI) and by National funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), under the scope of the project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-0 31987, NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013, and NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000023, supported by the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and by ICVS Scientific Microscopy Platform, member of the national infrastructure PPBI—Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01-0145-FEDER-022122; by National funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)—project UIDB/50026/2020 and UIDP/50026/2020). Additionally, this project was supported by the National Ataxia Foundation (NAF). A.J., J.P.-S., D.V.-C., and J.D.S. were supported by the FCT individual fellowships SFRH/BD/76613/2011, PD/BDE/127834/2016, SFRH/BD/147826/2019, and PD/BD/128074/2016, respectively

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)