Effects of diet and fluoride on early phases of odontogenesis in rats

The influence of diet and fluoride on odontogenesis in rats was investigated. 20 foetuses, 20 days old, were divided into four groups. The control group was fed with the standard diet and drank water with 0.16 mg F/l. The second, third and fourth groups were fed with the deficit, experimental diet and drank distilled water with 10 and 110 mg of natrium fluoride per litre or without fluoride. In each group, the observed tooth-bud development assumed different stages. The less advanced cap stage assumed the tooth-bud in the group fed with the deficit diet and given distilled water without fluoride. In the remaining groups, the development of observed first molars in mandible assumed the different level of its advancement in the same stage of odontogenesis – bell stage

Influence of low and high doses of fluoride on tooth germ development in rats

The influence of fluoride on tooth germ development, especially mineralized tissue, is well documented in numerous dental publications, but there are few reports concerning the influence of fluoride on enamel organ and dental papilla cells. The aim of the study was to assess histologically the development of tooth germs of 20-day-old rat foetuses whose mothers drank water without fluoride or with low (10 mg) and high (110 mg) contents of natrium fluoride, starting from the 12th day of the pregnancy. The fluoride contained in drinking water in low as well as high concentration accelerated the development of enamel organ and dental papilla structures in rat foetuses. The acceleration was proportional to the content of fluoride in drinking water. No disturbances caused by high concentration of natrium fluoride were observed

Leptin concentration in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

  Wstęp: Leptyna reguluje odpowiedź immunologiczną organizmów. Młodzieńcze idiopatyczne zapalenie stawów (MIZS) jest przewlekłą chorobą stawów u dzieci prowadzącą do przewlekłych zmian w narządach układu ruchu. Materiał i metody: U dzieci z MIZS (n = 42) i zdrowych osobników (n = 28) analizowano następujące parametry: stężenie leptyny (LEP), wskaźnik masy ciała (BMI), hematokryt (HTC), zawartość hemoglobiny (HB), liczba elementów morfotycznych krwi (WBC, LYMPH), odczyn OB i obecność przeciwciał ANA Hep-2. Grupę MIZS podzielono na: dzieci dłużej chorujące (51–148 miesięcy) n = 22 (IA) i krócej chorujące (2–18 miesięcy) n = 20 (IB). Wyniki: Tylko u 58,3% dzieci grupy IA i 50% dzieci grupy IB potwierdzono obecność przeciwciał przeciwjądrowych ANA Hep-2. U chorych dzieci wykazano wyższe poziomy LYMPH i OB oraz większe zróżnicowanie wyników, w porównaniu do dzieci zdrowych. Najwyższe stężenie LEP dla grupy IA wynosiło 37,50 ng/cm3, (Me 5,85) dla IB 40,10 ng/cm3, (Me2,46), w porównaniu z IC, gdzie wynosiło odpowiednio 3,74 ng/cm3 (Me 2,85). Średnia wartość BMI dla grupy IA wynosiła 16,61 kg/m2, dla IC 18,91 kg/m2, a mediana dla IB 15,89 kg/m2 . U dzieci z BMI < 23 kg/m2, grupy IA i IB, stwierdzono niższe stężenia leptyny w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną (p = 0,04). Stwierdzono wpływ schorzenia na zróżnicowanie stężenia leptyny w przeliczeniu na BMI w obu grupach dzieci chorych. U chorych dzieci, z krótszym czasem trwania choroby, wykazano większe zróżnicowanie wartości stężenia leptyny w przeliczeniu na BMI, niż u zdrowych. Wnioski: Dzieci z młodzieńczym idiopatycznym zapaleniem stawów z BMI<23 kg/m2 mają niższe stężenie leptyny niż dzieci grupy kontrolnej. Dzieci z MIZS z krótszym czasem trwania choroby, charakteryzują się większym zróżnicowaniem stężenia leptyny w przeliczeniu na jednostkę BMI, w porównaniu ze zdrowymi dziećmi. (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (5): 417–421)  Introduction: Leptin regulates the organism’s immune response. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a chronic joint disease in children, leading to chronic changes in motor organs. Material and methods: In children with JIA (n = 42) and healthy subjects (n = 28), leptin concentration (LEP), body mass index (BMI), haematocrit (HTC), haemoglobin (HB), morphotic elements (WBC,LYMPH), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and ANA Hep-2 antibodies were analysed. JIA group was divided into: children with a longer (51–148 months) (IA) n = 22 and a shorter disease period (2–18 months) (IB) n = 20. Results: Only 58.3% of the IA and 50% of the IB group had ANA Hep-2 confirmed. The ill children had higher and more diversified LYMPH and ESR levels compared to the healthy children. The highest LEP for the IA group was 37.5 ng/cm3, (Me 5.85), for IB — 40.10 ng/cm3, (Me 2.46) as compared to the IC — 3.74 ng/cm3 (Me 2.85), respectively. The average BMI value for the IA group was 16.61 kg/m2, for IC it was 18.91 kg/m2, and the median for IB was 15.89 kg/m2. Children with BMI values < 23 kg/m2 from the IA and IB group had a reduction in LEP as compared to control group (p = 0.04). The relationship between the illness and LEP diversification per BMI unit was found in both groups. Children with a shorter illness period had higher LEP differentiation per BMI unit compared to the healthy children. Conclusions: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis with BMI < 23 kg/m2 had lower leptin concentrations than healthy subjects. Ill children with a shorter-term disease had a higher diversification of leptin concentration per BMI unit as compared to healthy controls. (Endokrynol Pol 2015; 66 (5): 417–421)

In vitro analysis of the proliferation potential and colony forming efficiency of stem cells isolated from dental pulp (DPSC) and apical papilla (SCAP), cultured in standard and pro-mineralizing conditions

Introduction. Recent data point to unerupted third molars as a promising source of stem cells (SC). Tooth derived SC are clonogenic and present a capacity for self-renewal and colony formation. Additionally, an environmental stimulation induces an in vitro differentiation of SC into multiple lineages, including odontoblasts. Aim of the study. The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro potential for proliferation and colony formation by stem cells derived from both dental pulp and apical papilla cultured in both standard medium (control and primary group) and medium modified with ingredients that stimulate mineralization (experimental group). Material and methods. Right after odontectomy the dental pulp and apical papilla were digested with dispase and collagenase type I. DPSCs and SCAPs were sorted using anti STRO-1, CD146, CD34, CD45 antibodies by means of the MACS method. Thereafter, the cells from the initial and control groups were cultured in a standard medium. The medium of the experimental group was additionally modified with ingredients that stimulated mineralization. To assess the cells commitment, the rate of proliferation and colony formation were examined. Results. The analysis showed that SCAPs from all the examined groups proliferated faster and formed more numerous and larger colonies compared to DPSCs. Environmental stimulation reduced proliferation and the ability to form colonies in both the DPSCs and SCAPs lineages. Conclusion. Faster proliferation and a higher ability to form colonies indicates the lower commitment of SCAPs compared to DPSCs. Additionally, the slower proliferation of stem cells from the experimental group suggests their more advanced commitment and differentiation. Although the SCAPs and DPSCs present different degrees of maturation, both cell lineages seem to be promising sources of stem cells

Reduction of sitting time has a positive effect on the decrease of insulin resistance in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Abstract Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a large part of the human population. One of the major environmental factors associated with the risk of NAFLD is the lack of physical activity. Aim: To compare the level of physical activity and the insulin resistance in NAFLD patients. Material and methods: Thirty patients with NAFLD underwent a six-month dietary intervention based on the principles of classical dietetics. Data about diet and physical activity was based on 72-hour nutrition diaries and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Standard blood biochemical analyses were carried out before and after diet at the University Hospital Laboratory. Results: The study showed that total physical activity and physical activity in leisure time are negatively correlated with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.05). Insulin (p < 0.05), body weight (p < 0.05), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) (p < 0.05) were also negatively correlated with physical activity in free time. In addition, we noticed a positive correlation between sitting time and the risk of insulin resistance, in the case of HOMA-IR and insulin concentration (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary intervention and a physical activity plan are important factors in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Taking regular exercise increases insulin sensitivity and prevents further development of the disease. It seems that diet and physical activity are not the only one risk factors of NAFLD. Our study reveals that the reduction of sitting time has a positive effect on the level of insulin and it reduces insulin resistance in patients with NAFLD

A Prosthodontic Approach as a Complementary Solution for a Complicated Orthodontic Treatment of a Patient with Cleidocranial Dysplasia

This clinical report describes a prosthodontic rehabilitation of a 29-year-old patient with cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD), who, after completing an orthodontic treatment, was not satisfied with the aesthetic outcome. Besides aesthetics, the patient complained about mastication muscles pain, and clicking while eating but was not aware about her unilateral open bite on the right side. The aim of this treatment was to improve smile appearance and patient’s well-being, as well as to restore the proper occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) along with complete intercuspation and to establish masticatory function. The first phase of the treatment concentrated on eliminating the muscle pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) clicking with a repositioning splint. During the second phase, the functional and aesthetic rehabilitation was obtained using adhesive prosthesis overlays and veneers

Surgical Safety Checklist: An Element of Work Organization in the Operating Theater

Objectives: the surgical safety checklist (SSC) is a document that is intended to increase patient safety in the operating theater by eliminating avoidable errors. The original document has been published in English by the WHO which recommends its obligatory use. The document’s name is often distorted when translated into European languages, for instance into the “surgical control list”. This article aims to assess the consequences of the distortion of the originally intended meaning for the completion of SSC in the operating theater. Methods: we compared the exactness of the meaning of translation in 29 European languages based on Google translator. Particular attention was paid to the presence of essential words such as “checklist” and “safety” in the translation.Results: we found that in 15 out of the 29 languages, the translation of these two words was incorrect, particularly in Slavic languages. The most often mistranslation was the “control card” or “control list”, which was a misnomer.Conclusions: the translation of the SSC name into native languages is inadequate in about one-half of the cases, which may jeopardize its proper use by team members of the operating theater, and thus the patient perioperative safety.Objetivo: a lista de verifi cação de segurança cirúrgica (SSC) é um documento que visa aumentar a segurança do paciente no centro cirúrgico, eliminando possíveis erros. O documento original foi publicado em inglês pela OMS que recomenda seu uso obrigatório. O nome do documento é frequentemente distorcido quando traduzido para idiomas europeus, por exemplo, na “lista de controle cirúrgico”. Este artigo visa avaliar as consequências da distorção do signifi cado originalmente pretendido para a realização do SSC na sala de cirurgia.Métodos: para isso, comparamos a exatidão do significado da tradução em 29 idiomas europeus com base no tradutor do Google. Atenção especial foi dada para a presença de palavras essenciais como “lista de verifi cação” e “segurança” na tradução.Resultados: descobrimos que em 15 dos 29 idiomas, a tradução dessas duas palavras estava incorreta, principalmente em idiomas eslavos. A tradução incorreta mais frequente era o “cartão de controle” ou “lista de controle”, o que era um equívoco.Conclusão: a tradução do nome do SSC para as línguas nativas é inadequada em cerca de metade dos casos, o que pode comprometer seu uso adequado pelos membros da equipe de centro cirúrgico e, portanto, a segurança perioperatória do paciente

Overexpression of ID1 reverses the repression of human dental pulp stem cells differentiation induced by TWIST1 silencing

Multiple studies showed that the cessation of TWIST1 expression is the prerequisite for osteoblasts' maturation. However, recent reports revealed that the function of TWIST1 is different in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), where a high level of TWIST1 expression promoted DPSCs' differentiation. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of TWIST1 and ID1 on the differentiation process in the human DPSCs. Methods: TWIST1 and ID1 expression in the DSPCs was modulated by lentivirus transduction. Genes expression was assessed with qRT-PCR. The proteins level was evaluated by Western blot. The DPSCs differentiation was assessed with the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium concentration assays. Results: TWIST1 silencing suppressed the expression of ID1 and both the early and late markers of odontoblasts' differentiation detected at the transcript and protein level. The forced overexpression of ID1 increased the expression of the late markers of odontoblasts differentiation but diminished the expression of the early markers. DPCSs with the silenced TWIST1 and subsequent ID1 overexpression displayed an increase in the expression of the late markers of odontoblasts differentiation. Cells with silenced TWIST1 and overexpressing ID1 had increased activity of ALP, higher calcium concentration and decreased proliferation rate. The high level of ID1 expression might be a critical factor stimulating DPSCs differentiation and it might compensate the repressed differentiation of DPSCs caused by TWIST1 silencing. Conclusion: The mutual correlation between the expression level of TWIST1 and ID1 might be a critical factor driving the process of the human odontoblasts' differentiation

Overexpression of ID1 reverses the repression of human dental pulp stem cells differentiation induced by TWIST1 silencing

Multiple studies showed that the cessation of TWIST1 expression is the prerequisite for osteoblasts' maturation. However, recent reports revealed that the function of TWIST1 is different in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), where a high level of TWIST1 expression promoted DPSCs' differentiation. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of TWIST1 and ID1 on the differentiation process in the human DPSCs. Methods: TWIST1 and ID1 expression in the DSPCs was modulated by lentivirus transduction. Genes expression was assessed with qRT-PCR. The proteins level was evaluated by Western blot. The DPSCs differentiation was assessed with the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and calcium concentration assays. Results: TWIST1 silencing suppressed the expression of ID1 and both the early and late markers of odontoblasts' differentiation detected at the transcript and protein level. The forced overexpression of ID1 increased the expression of the late markers of odontoblasts differentiation but diminished the expression of the early markers. DPCSs with the silenced TWIST1 and subsequent ID1 overexpression displayed an increase in the expression of the late markers of odontoblasts differentiation. Cells with silenced TWIST1 and overexpressing ID1 had increased activity of ALP, higher calcium concentration and decreased proliferation rate. The high level of ID1 expression might be a critical factor stimulating DPSCs differentiation and it might compensate the repressed differentiation of DPSCs caused by TWIST1 silencing. Conclusion: The mutual correlation between the expression level of TWIST1 and ID1 might be a critical factor driving the process of the human odontoblasts' differentiation

Influence of diet and fluoride on dentin and enamel deposition and maturation in rats

Diet and fluoride can modify tooth-germ development. In many morphological and biochemical studies malnutrition was shown to impair odontogenesis. However, quantitative observations of the morphological changes implemented by underfeeding and fluoride are still scanty. The aim of the study was to assess stereologically the enamel and dentin deposition in tooth-germ of 14-day-old rat pups derived from dams fed with deficient diet and given water without or with low (10 mg /l) and high (110 mg/l) doses of natrium fluoride, starting from the 13 th day of pregnancy. The volume fractions of ameloblasts, enamel, dentin and odontoblasts in histological sections were estimated by the point counting method. The lack of fluoride in drinking water in rats maintained on low-protein diet changed the proportions of the deposited dental mineralised tissues as compared to the control animals: it substantially increased deposition of enamel (by 48%), and significantly decreased dentin production (by 28%). The supplementation of drinking water with fluoride in rats fed with deficient diet partially reversed these effects towards values found in the control rats maintained on standard diet that drank water with trace amount of fluoride. The possible toxic activity of high doses of fluoride can only be conferred to the decreased volume fraction of ameloblasts. Our findings suggests an important role of the fluoride ion in the maintenance of the proper enamel and dentin relation in the developing teeth of rats fed with low-protein, low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet