Envelhecimento como um preditor de carga de trabalho de enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: resultados de uma amostra brasileira

OBJETIVO Verificar se a idade é um preditor independente de Carga de trabalho de Enfermagem (CTE) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), de acordo com o grupo etário e qual sua capacidade preditiva como determinante de maior CTE em UTI. MÉTODO O estudo foi realizado entre 2012 e 2016. Amostra de conveniência composta por pacientes (idade ≥ 18) admitidos em nove UTI de um hospital universitário brasileiro. A idade foi considerada como variável independente e a CTE (mensurada pelo Nursing Activities Score ‒ NAS) como dependente. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão linear e curva ROC. RESULTADOS 890 participantes (361 idosos), em sua maioria homens (58,1%). A média do NAS foi maior entre os idosos em comparação aos adultos (p=0,004), mas não entre os grupos etários (p=0,697). A idade foi responsável por 0,6% da pontuação do NAS. Para cada 1 ano de aumento da idade, a pontuação do NAS aumentou em 0,081 pontos (p=0,015). No entanto, a idade não foi um bom preditor de maior CTE (AUC = 0,394; p=0,320). CONCLUSÃO O cuidado de idosos em UTI está associado à maior CTE. A idade pode ser considerada um fator associado, mas não um bom preditor de CTE em UTI.OBJETIVO Verificar si el envejecimiento es un predictor independiente de la Carga de Trabajo de Enfermería (CTE) en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), según grupos etarios y su valor predictivo como determinante de la CTE en la UCI. MÉTODOS Se analizó una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por pacientes (edad ≥ 18) ingresados en nueve UCI pertenecientes a un hospital brasileño. La edad se asumió como variable independiente y como variable dependiente la carga de trabajo de enfermería -medida por el sistema Nursing Activities Score (NAS) de puntuación de actividades de enfermería. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el modelo de regresión lineal y la curva ROC. RESULTADOS 890 participantes (361 adultos mayores), en su mayoría varones (58,1%). La puntuación NAS promedio fue mayor entre los participantes adultos mayores en comparación con los adultos (p=0,004), pero no en las categorías de envejecimiento (p=0,697). La edad fue responsable del 0,6% de la puntuación NAS. Cada año de edad aumenta la puntuación NAS en 0,081 puntos (p=0,015). Sin embargo, la edad no resultó un buen predictor de la puntuación NAS (AbC=0,394; p=0,320). CONCLUSIÓN El cuidado de los adultos mayores en UCI se asocia con un aumento de la CTE en comparación con los adultos. El envejecimiento puede considerarse un factor asociado, pero no un buen predictor de la CTE en UCI.OBJECTIVE Verify if aging is an independent predictor of NW in ICU, according to age groups, and its predictive value as a determinant of NW in ICU. METHODS Study was conducted from 2012 to 2016. A convenience sample composed by patients (age ≥ 18) admitted to nine ICU belonging to a Brazilian hospital, was analyzed. Age was assumed as an independent variable and NW (measured by the Nursing Activities Score - NAS) as dependent. Linear regression model and ROC curve were used for the analysis. RESULTS 890 participants (361 older people), mostly males (58.1%). The mean NAS score was higher among older participants in comparison to adults (p=0.004) but not within categories of aging (p=0.697). Age was responsible for 0.6% of NAS score. Each year of age increases NAS score in 0.081 points (p=0.015). However, age was not a good predictor of NAS score (AUC = 0.394; p=0.320). CONCLUSION The care of older people in ICU is associated with an increase in NW, compared to adults. Aging can be considered an associated factor but not a good predictor of NW in ICU

Coalescing disparate data sources for the geospatial prediction of mosquito abundance, using Brazil as a motivating case study

One of the barriers to performing geospatial surveillance of mosquito occupancy or infestation anywhere in the world is the paucity of primary entomologic survey data geolocated at a residential property level and matched to important risk factor information (e.g., anthropogenic, environmental, and climate) that enables the spatial risk prediction of mosquito occupancy or infestation. Such data are invaluable pieces of information for academics, policy makers, and public health program managers operating in low-resource settings in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, where mosquitoes are typically endemic. The reality is that such data remain elusive in these low-resource settings and, where available, high-quality data that include both individual and spatial characteristics to inform the geospatial description and risk patterning of infestation remain rare. There are many online sources of open-source spatial data that are reliable and can be used to address such data paucity in this context. Therefore, the aims of this article are threefold: (1) to highlight where these reliable open-source data can be acquired and how they can be used as risk factors for making spatial predictions for mosquito occupancy in general; (2) to use Brazil as a case study to demonstrate how these datasets can be combined to predict the presence of arboviruses through the use of ecological niche modeling using the maximum entropy algorithm; and (3) to discuss the benefits of using bespoke applications beyond these open-source online data sources, demonstrating for how they can be the new “gold-standard” approach for gathering primary entomologic survey data. The scope of this article was mainly limited to a Brazilian context because it builds on an existing partnership with academics and stakeholders from environmental surveillance agencies in the states of Pernambuco and Paraiba. The analysis presented in this article was also limited to a specific mosquito species, i.e., Aedes aegypti, due to its endemic status in Brazil

An Evaluation of the OpenWeatherMap API versus INMET Using Weather Data from Two Brazilian Cities: Recife and Campina Grande

Certain weather conditions are inadvertently related to increased population of various mosquitoes. In order to predict the burden of mosquito populations in the Global South, it is imperative to integrate weather-related risk factors into such predictive models. There are a lot of online open-source weather platforms that provide historical, current and future weather forecasts which can be utilised for general predictions, and these electronic sources serve as an alternate option for weather data when physical weather stations are inaccessible (or inactive). Before using data from such online source, it is important to assess the accuracy against some baseline measure. In this paper, we therefore evaluated the accuracy and suitability of weather forecasts of two parameters namely temperature and humidity from the OpenWeatherMap API (an online weather platform) and compared them with actual measurements collected from the Brazilian weather stations (INMET). The evaluation was focused on two Brazilian cites, namely, Recife and Campina Grande. The intention is to prepare an early warning model which will harness data from OpenWeatherMap API for mosquito prediction

Temporal and Spatiotemporal Arboviruses Forecasting by Machine Learning: A Systematic Review

Arboviruses are a group of diseases that are transmitted by an arthropod vector. Since they are part of the Neglected Tropical Diseases that pose several public health challenges for countries around the world. The arboviruses' dynamics are governed by a combination of climatic, environmental, and human mobility factors. Arboviruses prediction models can be a support tool for decision-making by public health agents. In this study, we propose a systematic literature review to identify arboviruses prediction models, as well as models for their transmitter vector dynamics. To carry out this review, we searched reputable scientific bases such as IEE Xplore, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Scopus. We search for studies published between the years 2015 and 2020, using a search string. A total of 429 articles were returned, however, after filtering by exclusion and inclusion criteria, 139 were included. Through this systematic review, it was possible to identify the challenges present in the construction of arboviruses prediction models, as well as the existing gap in the construction of spatiotemporal models

Experimental infection parameters in Galea spixii (Rodentia: Caviidae) with Leishmania infantum chagasi

In order to better understand the epidemiological transmission network of leishmaniasis, an endemic disease in Northeast Brazil, we investigated the susceptibility of Spix yellow-toothed cavies (Galea spixii) to the Leishmania infantum chagasi parasite. Nine cavies were experimentally infected, separated into three groups and monitored at 30, 90 and 180 days, respectively. Amastigotes were identified in the spleen slides of two cavies killed 180 days after infection. Antibodies against the L. i. chagasi were identified in one of the cavies. This demonstrates that G. spixii is in fact capable of maintaining a stable infection by L. i. chagasi without alterations in biochemical and hematological parameters of the host and without perceivable micro and macroscopic lesions

Association between coronary artery disease with definitive vascular dementia

Introdução: As Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) têm sido implicadas como fatores de risco para demência em idosos. Estudos clínicos demostraram que existe associação entre a história de Doença Arterial Coronariana (DAC) e demência, notadamente a Demência Vascular (DV). A associação de DAC prévia com a DV definitiva ainda não foi estudada. Objetivo: Verificar qual a frequência de DAC prévia em indivíduos com DV e verificar se existe associação entre DAC e DV definitiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional em corte transversal onde 707 casos foram submetidos à autópsia encefálica e exame neuropatológico. O histórico de saúde (dados demográficos, clínicos e perfil cognitivo, comportamental e funcional) foram obtidos por meio de entrevista clínica com informante imediatamente após o óbito, mediante consentimento informado. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e foram usados testes de associação e comparação de médias e medianas. Assumindo a DV como variável dependente e a DAC como variável independente, foi construído um modelo de regressão logística para obter o Odds Ratio (OR) da DAC em relação à DV. Resultados: Dos 707 casos, 50,6% eram homens e a idade média foi 73,16 ± 11,79 anos. A frequência de DV definitiva foi de 37,6% e 18% dos pacientes com DV tiveram DAC prévia. O OR da DAC para predizer DV definitiva foi de 1,57 vezes (IC 95% 1,0002,467; p<0,05). Conclusão: A DAC prévia está associada à DV definitiva, aumentando sua chance de ocorrência em 1,66 vezes. Estudos que analisem a interação entre DAC e outros fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) como preditores de DV definitiva são necessários, com vistas à melhor elucidação não só do papel de cada fator associado à ocorrência de DV, como também dos mecanismos fisiopatológicos envolvidos que futuramente favorecerão a implementação de estratégias de prevenção e controle de DV em idosos.Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been implicated as risk factors for dementia in the elderly. Clinical studies have shown that there is an association between the history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and dementia, notably vascular dementia (DV). The association of prior CAD with definitive DV has not been studied. Objective: To verify the frequency of prior CAD in individuals with DV and to verify if there is an association between CAD and definitive DV. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study in which 707 cases were submitted to a brain autopsy and neuropathological examination. The health history (demographic, clinical and cognitive, behavioral and functional data) was obtained by means of a clinical interview with an informant immediately after death, with informed consent. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and association and comparison tests of means and medians were used. Assuming DV as the dependent variable and CAD with the independent variable, a logistic regression model was constructed to obtain the Odds Ratio (OR) of the CAD in relation to DV. Results: Of the 707 cases, 50.6% were men and the mean age was 73.16 ± 11.79 years. The definitive DV frequency was 37.6% and 18% of DV patients had previous CAD. The DAC OR to predict final DV was 1,57 (95%CI 1,0002,467; p<0,05). Conclusion: Previous CAD is associated with definitive DV, increasing its chance of occurrence by 1.66 times. Studies that analyze the interaction between CAD and other cardiovascular risk factors (CRF) as predictors of definitive DV are necessary to better elucidating not only the role of each factor associated with the occurrence of DV, but also the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in the future will favor the implementation of strategies for prevention and control of DV in the elderly

Aging as a predictor of nursing workload in Intensive Care Unit: results from a Brazilian Sample

Abstract OBJECTIVE Verify if aging is an independent predictor of NW in ICU, according to age groups, and its predictive value as a determinant of NW in ICU. METHODS Study was conducted from 2012 to 2016. A convenience sample composed by patients (age ≥ 18) admitted to nine ICU belonging to a Brazilian hospital, was analyzed. Age was assumed as an independent variable and NW (measured by the Nursing Activities Score - NAS) as dependent. Linear regression model and ROC curve were used for the analysis. RESULTS 890 participants (361 older people), mostly males (58.1%). The mean NAS score was higher among older participants in comparison to adults (p=0.004) but not within categories of aging (p=0.697). Age was responsible for 0.6% of NAS score. Each year of age increases NAS score in 0.081 points (p=0.015). However, age was not a good predictor of NAS score (AUC = 0.394; p=0.320). CONCLUSION The care of older people in ICU is associated with an increase in NW, compared to adults. Aging can be considered an associated factor but not a good predictor of NW in ICU

Aging as a predictor of nursing workload in Intensive Care Unit: results from a Brazilian Sample

OBJECTIVE Verify if aging is an independent predictor of NW in ICU, according to age groups, and its predictive value as a determinant of NW in ICU. METHODS Study was conducted from 2012 to 2016. A convenience sample composed by patients (age ≥ 18) admitted to nine ICU belonging to a Brazilian hospital, was analyzed. Age was assumed as an independent variable and NW (measured by the Nursing Activities Score - NAS) as dependent. Linear regression model and ROC curve were used for the analysis. RESULTS 890 participants (361 older people), mostly males (58.1%). The mean NAS score was higher among older participants in comparison to adults (p=0.004) but not within categories of aging (p=0.697). Age was responsible for 0.6% of NAS score. Each year of age increases NAS score in 0.081 points (p=0.015). However, age was not a good predictor of NAS score (AUC = 0.394; p=0.320). CONCLUSION The care of older people in ICU is associated with an increase in NW, compared to adults. Aging can be considered an associated factor but not a good predictor of NW in ICU.OBJETIVO Verificar si el envejecimiento es un predictor independiente de la Carga de Trabajo de Enfermería (CTE) en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI), según grupos etarios y su valor predictivo como determinante de la CTE en la UCI. MÉTODOS Se analizó una muestra de conveniencia compuesta por pacientes (edad ≥ 18) ingresados en nueve UCI pertenecientes a un hospital brasileño. La edad se asumió como variable independiente y como variable dependiente la carga de trabajo de enfermería -medida por el sistema Nursing Activities Score (NAS) de puntuación de actividades de enfermería. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el modelo de regresión lineal y la curva ROC. RESULTADOS 890 participantes (361 adultos mayores), en su mayoría varones (58,1%). La puntuación NAS promedio fue mayor entre los participantes adultos mayores en comparación con los adultos (p=0,004), pero no en las categorías de envejecimiento (p=0,697). La edad fue responsable del 0,6% de la puntuación NAS. Cada año de edad aumenta la puntuación NAS en 0,081 puntos (p=0,015). Sin embargo, la edad no resultó un buen predictor de la puntuación NAS (AbC=0,394; p=0,320). CONCLUSIÓN El cuidado de los adultos mayores en UCI se asocia con un aumento de la CTE en comparación con los adultos. El envejecimiento puede considerarse un factor asociado, pero no un buen predictor de la CTE en UCI.OBJETIVO Verificar se a idade é um preditor independente de Carga de trabalho de Enfermagem (CTE) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), de acordo com o grupo etário e qual sua capacidade preditiva como determinante de maior CTE em UTI. MÉTODO O estudo foi realizado entre 2012 e 2016. Amostra de conveniência composta por pacientes (idade ≥ 18) admitidos em nove UTI de um hospital universitário brasileiro. A idade foi considerada como variável independente e a CTE (mensurada pelo Nursing Activities Score ‒ NAS) como dependente. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise de regressão linear e curva ROC. RESULTADOS 890 participantes (361 idosos), em sua maioria homens (58,1%). A média do NAS foi maior entre os idosos em comparação aos adultos (p=0,004), mas não entre os grupos etários (p=0,697). A idade foi responsável por 0,6% da pontuação do NAS. Para cada 1 ano de aumento da idade, a pontuação do NAS aumentou em 0,081 pontos (p=0,015). No entanto, a idade não foi um bom preditor de maior CTE (AUC = 0,394; p=0,320). CONCLUSÃO O cuidado de idosos em UTI está associado à maior CTE. A idade pode ser considerada um fator associado, mas não um bom preditor de CTE em UTI