Developing Ice Cream for Mucositis Management and Improving the Nutritional Support for Pediatric Cancer Patients

  Introduction: Mucositis is one of the main complications of cancer treatment, associated with several nutritional limitations and the ability to cause secondary infections. Cryotherapy is a low-cost treatment consistent with clinical practice guidelines for treating patients with mucositis. Objective: To develop and evaluate the acceptance of ice cream for the prevention and treatment of mucositis and nutritional support of pediatric cancer patients. Method: Based on knowledge about the side effects of chemotherapy (especially in oral and gastrointestinal mucositis) and the nutritional needs of pediatric cancer patients, a literature search for ingredients that could meet the study’s objectives was undertaken. Food Technology Laboratory of the São Paulo State University (Unesp), Botucatu campus, and in partnership with Sorvetes Naturais ice cream shop in the municipality of Botucatu-SP, produced the ice cream. An acceptance test was applied in ten patients undergoing cancer treatment and 30 individuals in the control group using the 5-point mixed facial hedonic scale. Results: The final formula consisted of semi-skimmed lactose-free milk, extra virgin coconut oil, oat flour, honey, chamomile, Fortini® food supplement, demerara sugar, and stabilizer/emulsifier. 90% of patients undergoing cancer treatment rated the final product as “liked” or “loved it,” compared to 63% of the control group. Conclusion: Development of an ice cream that met the objectives of the study was possible through the choice of its composition. Honey and chamomile can favor the prevention of mucositis, and other ingredients offer the caloric density and protein supply

Características morfológicas e desempenho de crescimento de monossexo macho de tilápia da variedade GIFT e Saint Peter®

<p class="Default"><span>Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as características morfológicas e o desempenho de populações monossexo macho de tilápia da variedade <em>Genetic Improved Farmed Tilapia </em>(GIFT) e Saint Peter® cultivadas em um sistema misto. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de junho a novembro de 2012, na Estação da Piscicultura Sgarbi, no Município de Palotina. Os juvenis da GIFT foram obtidos de reprodutores da Estação de Piscicultura da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM/Codapar) e os híbridos vermelhos foram oriundos de reprodutores da Estação da Piscicultura Sgarbi. Os valores genéticos médios da variedade GIFT para três grupos genéticos (I, II e III) foram obtidos por meio de uma avaliação genética pelo <em>Best Linear Unbiased Prediction </em>(BLUP), utilizando o controle de parentesco das tilápias. Informação de pedigree completo da GIFT desde a sua introdução no Brasil foi utilizado e os grupos genéticos foram classificados como I (grupo superior), II (grupo intermediário) e III (grupo inferior). Utilizou-se o sistema semi-intensivo, sendo adotada a densidade de 4,7 peixes m-2 de lâmina de água. Foram alojados 480 peixes da variedade GIFT e 1400 peixes do híbrido vermelho, totalizando 1880 animais, com peso médio inicial de 15 g. Os peixes foram identificados individualmente através de <em>Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags</em>. A despesca foi realizada ao final do período de 160 dias. Os dados de peso final e ganho em peso diário, e das características morfológicas incluindo comprimento total, comprimento padrão, comprimento da cabeça, altura da cauda, altura do corpo, largura da cauda, largura do corpo, comprimento da cabeça/comprimento padrão, área e volume corporal foram avaliados. Aplicou-se a análise de variância (ANOVA) e o teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os valores médios de peso final e ganho em peso diário entre os três grupos genéticos da GIFT não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Porém, todos os grupos genéticos da GIFT apresentaram valores médios do desempenho e das características morfológicas superiores ao híbrido Saint Peter®. Entre os grupos genéticos da variedade GIFT houve diferença significativa (p&lt;0,001) apenas para a altura do corpo entre os grupos I e III. As características morfológicas e de desempenho foram superiores para a variedade GIFT, independente do grupo genético, quando comparada à Saint Peter®, com exceção da relação comprimento da cabeça/comprimento padrão. </span></p

AVALIAÇÃO DE CUSTOS DE DOIS MODELOS DE HARVESTER NO CORTE DE EUCALIPTO

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815733The present study aimed to carry through the evaluation of costs of two models of harvester in the wood harvesting of Eucalyptus wood. The research evaluated the 6-year old tree fallen and processing, in the cut-to-length system for two models of harvester, in areas located in the cities of Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo state and Caravelas, Bahia state. It was evaluated the models of harvester PC-228 SHO and PC-200 LC, of the Komatsu Mark. The information was collected during a period of 6 months, from March to August 2010, by the method of census. It was calculated the operational costs of the two models of harvester, for the countable method, which uses values in ‘Reais’, the Brazilian currency. It was conducted further analysis of cost sensitivity for the elements that contribute most to the final cost. We obtained the operating cost models for PC 200 and PC 228 of R$156,95 and R$ 168,84 per effective hour, respectively. In relation with the total operational costs, the most significant costs were: fuel, maintenance, and repairs/ depreciation, with 24.41%, 22.39% and 19.08%, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, simulating a situation where the company gets a real economy of 10% in each one of these items, the same one will be able to get a reduction in the cost of production in 7%, for the two evaluated machines.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1980509815733O presente estudo teve o objetivo de realizar a avaliação de custos de dois modelos de harvester, na colheita de madeira de eucalipto. A pesquisa avaliou a derrubada e o processamento da árvore, com idade de 6 anos, no sistema de toras curtas, para dois modelos de harvester, em áreas localizadas nos municípios de Conceição da Barra – ES e Caravelas – BA. Avaliaram-se dois modelos de harvester, PC-228 SHO e PC-200 LC, da marca Komatsu. As informações foram coletadas durante um período de 6 meses, que compreende os meses de março a agosto de 2010, pelo método de censo. Calcularam-se os custos operacionais dos dois modelos de harvester, pelo método contábil, o qual utiliza valores estimados em reais. Realizou-se ainda a análise de sensibilidade de custos para os elementos que mais contribuem com o custo final. Obteve-se o custo operacional para os modelos PC 200 e PC 228 de R$156,95 e R$ 168,84 por hora efetiva, respectivamente. Em relação aos custos operacionais totais, os custos mais significativos foram: combustível, manutenção e reparos e depreciação, com 24,41%, 22,39% e 19,08%, respectivamente. Na análise de sensibilidade, simulando uma situação em que a empresa consiga uma economia real de 10% em cada um desses itens, a mesma poderá obter uma redução no custo de produção em 7%, para as duas máquinas avaliadas

EVALUATION OF COSTS OF TWO HARVESTER MODELS IN THE CUT OF Eucalyptus

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de realizar a avalia\ue7\ue3o de custos de dois modelos de harvester, na colheita de madeira de eucalipto. A pesquisa avaliou a derrubada e o processamento da \ue1rvore, com idade de 6 anos, no sistema de toras curtas, para dois modelos de harvester, em \ue1reas localizadas nos munic\uedpios de Concei\ue7\ue3o da Barra \u2013 ES e Caravelas \u2013 BA. Avaliaram-se dois modelos de harvester, PC-228 SHO e PC-200 LC, da marca Komatsu. As informa\ue7\uf5es foram coletadas durante um per\uedodo de 6 meses, que compreende os meses de mar\ue7o a agosto de 2010, pelo m\ue9todo de censo. Calcularam-se os custos operacionais dos dois modelos de harvester, pelo m\ue9todo cont\ue1bil, o qual utiliza valores estimados em reais. Realizou-se ainda a an\ue1lise de sensibilidade de custos para os elementos que mais contribuem com o custo final. Obteve-se o custo operacional para os modelos PC 200 e PC 228 de R$156,95 e R$ 168,84 por hora efetiva, respectivamente. Em rela\ue7\ue3o aos custos operacionais totais, os custos mais significativos foram: combust\uedvel, manuten\ue7\ue3o e reparos e deprecia\ue7\ue3o, com 24,41%, 22,39% e 19,08%, respectivamente. Na an\ue1lise de sensibilidade, simulando uma situa\ue7\ue3o em que a empresa consiga uma economia real de 10% em cada um desses itens, a mesma poder\ue1 obter uma redu\ue7\ue3o no custo de produ\ue7\ue3o em 7%, para as duas m\ue1quinas avaliadas.The present study aimed to carry through the evaluation of costs of two models of harvester in the wood harvesting of Eucalyptus wood. The research evaluated the 6-year old tree fallen and processing, in the cut-to-length system for two models of harvester, in areas located in the cities of Concei\ue7\ue3o da Barra, Esp\uedrito Santo state and Caravelas, Bahia state. It was evaluated the models of harvester PC-228 SHO and PC-200 LC, of the Komatsu Mark. The information was collected during a period of 6 months, from March to August 2010, by the method of census. It was calculated the operational costs of the two models of harvester, for the countable method, which uses values in \u2018Reais\u2019, the Brazilian currency. It was conducted further analysis of cost sensitivity for the elements that contribute most to the final cost. We obtained the operating cost models for PC 200 and PC 228 of R$156,95 and R$ 168,84 per effective hour, respectively. In relation with the total operational costs, the most significant costs were: fuel, maintenance, and repairs/ depreciation, with 24.41%, 22.39% and 19.08%, respectively. In the sensitivity analysis, simulating a situation where the company gets a real economy of 10% in each one of these items, the same one will be able to get a reduction in the cost of production in 7%, for the two evaluated machines

Bladder Diverticulum and Sepsis

 Introduction: Bladder diverticula are rare both in adults and in children and may be congenital or acquired, are rare in females. Objective: To describe the case of occasional finding of bladder diverticulum in women, which developed into sepsis. Case report: Patient MIB, 81, female was admitted to the Cariri Regional Hospital after a fall from height resulting in trochanteric fracture of left femur .No fifth day of hospitalization, the patient developed an abdominal mass in pit right iliac, associated the signs of inflammation and painful abdomen. Computed tomography of the abdomen with contrast revealed a cystic collection of air-fluid content and inflammatory aspect in the right lower abdomen measuring approximately 212 mL volume with continuity with the bladder. Discussion: bladder diverticula are usually asymptomatic, and occasionally found more commonly in men. It is a rare condition in women and its clinical presentation is associated with infection or neoplasia. There are reports of peritonitis after spontaneous perforation of the diverticulum, however, its evolution to sepsis is rare. Conclusion: bladder diverticulum in women and evolving to sepsis without drilling is a rare condition, with few reports in the literature

Which Factors Determine Spatial Segregation in the South American Opossums (Didelphis aurita and D. albiventris)? An Ecological Niche Modelling and Geometric Morphometrics Approach

Didelphis albiventris and D. aurita are Neotropical marsupials that share a unique evolutionary history and both are largely distributed throughout South America, being primarily allopatric throughout their ranges. In the Araucaria moist forest of Southern Brazil these species are sympatric and they might potentially compete having similar ecology. For this reason, they are ideal biological models to address questions about ecological character displacement and how closely related species might share their geographic space. Little is known about how two morphologically similar species of marsupials may affect each other through competition, if by competitive exclusion and competitive release. We combined ecological niche modeling and geometric morphometrics to explore the possible effects of competition on their distributional ranges and skull morphology. Ecological niche modeling was used to predict their potential distribution and this method enabled us to identify a case of biotic exclusion where the habit generalist D. albiventris is excluded by the presence of the specialist D. aurita. The morphometric analyses show that a degree of shape discrimination occurs between the species, strengthened by allometric differences, which possibly allowed them to occupy marginally different feeding niches supplemented by behavioral shift in contact areas. Overlap in skull morphology is shown between sympatric and allopatric specimens and a significant, but weak, shift in shape occurs only in D. aurita in sympatric areas. This could be a residual evidence of a higher past competition between both species, when contact zones were possibly larger than today. Therefore, the specialist D. aurita acts a biotic barrier to D. albiventris when niche diversity is not available for coexistence. On the other hand, when there is niche diversification (e.g. habitat mosaic), both species are capable to coexist with a minimal competitive effect on the morphology of D. aurita