INFECÇÃO DO SÍTIO CIRÚRGICO DE CRANIOTOMIAS ELETIVAS EM UM SERVIÇO DE RESIDÊNCIA MÉDICA EM NEUROCIRURGIA

Surgical site infections of craniotomies, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of the United States, are defined as one of the following criteria: a) purulent drainage from a surgical incision; b) organism identification by culture; c) incision that dehisces, localized pain, localized inflammation, and/or fever (> 38 ºC); and evidence of empyema or abscess on images. The incidence of infection described by the literature varies from 2.2 to 19.8%. Objective: Verify the incidence of surgical site infections of nonemergent craniotomies in a medical residency service in neurosurgery. Methods: Retrospective study of the medical records of the patients submitted to nonemergent craniotomies between March 2018 and September 2019, and presented surgical site infection. Results: Out of 100 patients, the diagnosis of surgical site infection was established in 8 (8.0%). The mean duration of the surgical operations was 6.44 hours (2.25 to 10.75 hours). Clinical manifestations were incisional (n = 4; 50.0%), meningitis (n = 2; 25.0%), ostemyelitis (n = 1; 12.5%) and epidural empyema (n = 1; 12.5%). The treatment constituted of surgical reoperation and antibiotic therapy (n = 2; 25.0%) or only antibiotic therapy (n = 6; 75.0%). The antibiotic therapy lasted from 6 to 183 days (mean of 38.1 days). Microbiology revealed the infectious agent in two cases (n = 2; 25.0%). Conclusion: The incidence of surgical site infection of nonemergent craniotomies was congruent with the incidence described by the literature. Unequivocal risk factors for infection were not demonstrated by the study.Las infecciones del sitio quirúrgico de craniotomías se definen por al menos uno de los siguientes criterios: a) salida de secreción purulenta por la herida operatoria; b) identificación del microorganismo por cultivo; c) dehiscencia de sutura asociada con dolor local, inflamación local y/o fiebre (> 38 ºC); d) evidencia de empiema o absceso en el examen de imagen. La incidencia de infección descrita en la literatura varía de 2,2% a 19,8%. Objetivo: Verificar la incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico de craniotomías electivas en un servicio de residencia médica en neurocirugía. Método: Estudio retrospectivo sobre los expedientes de pacientes sometidos a craniotomías electivas entre el 01/03/2018 y el 30/09/2021, y que presentaron infección del sitio quirúrgico. Resultados: Del total de 100 pacientes, el diagnóstico de infección del sitio quirúrgico se estableció en 8 (8,0%). La duración promedio de las operaciones quirúrgicas fue de 6,44 horas (2,25 a 10,75 horas). Las manifestaciones clínicas fueron incisionales (n = 4; 50,0%), meningitis (n = 2; 25,0%), osteomielitis (n = 1; 12,5%) y empiema epidural (n = 1; 12,5%). El tratamiento consistió en reabordaje quirúrgico y antibioticoterapia (n = 2; 25,0%) o solo antibioticoterapia (n = 6; 75,0%). La microbiología reveló el agente infeccioso en dos casos (n = 2; 25,0%). Conclusión: La incidencia de infección del sitio quirúrgico de craniotomías electivas fue congruente con la incidencia descrita en la literatura. No fue posible demostrar factores de riesgo inequívocos para la infección en este estudio.Introdução: As infecções do sítio cirúrgico de craniotomias são definidas por pelo menos um dos seguintes critérios: a) saída de secreção purulenta pela ferida operatória; b) identificação do microorganismo por cultura; c) deiscência de sutura associada a dor local, inflamação local, e/ou febre (> 38 ºC); d) evidência de empiema ou abcesso em exame de imagem. A incidência de infecção descrita na literatura varia de 2,2 a 19,8%. Objetivo: Verificar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico de craniotomias eletivas em um serviço de residência médica em neurocirurgia. Método: Estudo retrospectivo sobre os prontuários de pacientes submetidos a craniotomias eletivas entre 01/03/2018 e 30/09/2021, e que apresentaram infecção do sítio cirúrgico. Resultados: Do total de 100 pacientes, o diagnóstico de infecção do sítio cirúrgico se estabeleceu em 8 (8,0%). A duração média das operações cirúrgicas foi de 6,44 horas (2,25 a 10,75 horas). As manifestações clínicas foram incisional (n = 4; 50,0%), meningite (n = 2; 25,0%), osteomielite (n = 1; 12,5%) e empiema epidural (n = 1; 12,5%). O tratamento se constituiu de reabordagem cirúrgica e antibioticoterapia (n = 2; 25,0%) ou apenas antibioticoterapia (n = 6; 75,0%). A microbiologia revelou o agente infeccioso em dois casos (n = 2; 25,0%). Conclusão: A incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico de craniotomias eletivas foi congruente com a incidência descrita pela literatura. Não foi possível demonstrar inequívocos fatores de risco para infecção neste estudo

Rock n' Seeds: A database of seed functional traits and germination experiments from Brazilian rock outcrop vegetation

Advancing functional ecology depends fundamentally on the availability of data on reproductive traits, including those from tropical plants, which have been historically underrepresented in global trait databases. Although some valuable databases have been created recently, they are mainly restricted to temperate areas and vegetative traits such as leaf and wood traits. Here, we present Rock n' Seeds, a database of seed functional traits and germination experiments from Brazilian rock outcrop vegetation, recognized as outstanding centers of diversity and endemism. Data were compiled through a systematic literature search, resulting in 103 publications from which seed functional traits were extracted. The database includes information on 16 functional traits for 383 taxa from 148 genera, 50 families, and 25 orders. These 16 traits include two dispersal, six production, four morphological, two biophysical, and two germination traits-the major axes of the seed ecological spectrum. The database also provides raw data for 48 germination experiments, for a total of 10,187 records for 281 taxa. Germination experiments in the database assessed the effect of a wide range of abiotic and biotic factors on germination and different dormancy-breaking treatments. Notably, 8255 of these records include daily germination counts. This input will facilitate synthesizing germination data and using this database for a myriad of ecological questions. Given the variety of seed traits and the extensive germination information made available by this database, we expect it to be a valuable resource advancing comparative functional ecology and guiding seed-based restoration and biodiversity conservation in tropical megadiverse ecosystems. There are no copyright restrictions on the data; please cite this paper when using the current data in publications; also the authors would appreciate notification of how the data are used in publications