MULTIFUNCIONALIDADE E PLURIATIVIDADE COMO ALTERNATIVAS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NO BRASIL

O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir, por meio de uma revisão teórica, alternativas de desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar no Brasil com um enfoque voltado aos conceitos de pluriatividade da agricultura familiar e multifuncionalidade do espaço agrário. Dentro dessa abordagem, e procurando comparar com a situação de outros países, objetiva-se explicar as especificidades, assim como as oportunidades e limitações da aplicação desses conceitos no país. A conjugação desses conceitos tem o potencial de levar a uma reorientação do modelo de desenvolvimento do meio rural brasileiro. A reorientação pode vir por meio de um modelo sustentável, ecologicamente correto e socialmente igualitário, proporcionando a fixação e manutenção de famílias no campo ligadas a atividades como a agricultura orgânica, agroecologia, turismo rural, ecoturismo, práticas de esporte ligadas à natureza, artesanato e pequenos beneficiamentos de alimentos. Conclui-se que os formuladores de políticas voltadas ao desenvolvimento rural podem se beneficiar dessas idéias, e mais iniciativas deveriam ser tomadas relacionando os dois conceitos.------------------The objective of this work is to discuss, through a theoretical revision, alternatives of the family agriculture development in Brazil with a focus returned to the concepts of pluriactivity of the family agriculture and multifunctionality of the agrarian space. Inside of that approach, and trying to compare with the other countries situation, it tries to explain the specificities, as well as the opportunities and limitations of the application of those concepts in the country. The conjugation of those concepts has the potential of taking a reorientation of the development model of the brazilian rural zone. The reorientation can come through a maintainable model, ecologically correct and socially equalitarian, providing the fixation and maintenance of families in the field linked to activities as the organic agriculture, agroecology, rural tourism, ecotourism, sport practices linked to the nature, workmanship and small processing of foods. It is concluded that the makers of politics returned to the rural development can benefit of those ideas, and more initiatives should be taken relating the two concepts.agricultura familiar, desenvolvimento, mutifuncionalidade, pluriatividade, family agriculture, development, multifunctionality, pluriactivity, Brazil, International Development,

Gestao de m ´ultiplas fontes de recolha de energia

As aplicac¸oes da Internet das Coisas aumentam a cada dia que passa, e estas t ˜ em necessidade ˆ de encontrar novas formas de se auto sustentar energeticamente, sem a necessidade de utilizac¸ao de ˜ uma bateria que necessitaria de ser trocada ao longo do tempo. Esta dissertac¸ao procura oferecer uma ˜ alternativa a esse problema, a nao utilizac¸ ˜ ao de uma bateria oferecendo um circuito sustent ˜ avel em ´ termos de energia. Neste trabalho e estudado um circuito elevador de tens ´ ao do tipo indutivo, adaptado para tens ˜ oes ˜ de alimentac¸ao muito baixas, da ordem das centenas de mV. O circuito ˜ e alimentado com 2 fontes de ´ recolha de energia: uma celula solar e um termogerador. Estas fontes fornecem energia e, atrav ´ es de ´ um combinador de energia, sao capazes de alimentar em simult ˜ aneo o circuito. ˆ Este circuito para alem de combinar a energia recolhida de cada fonte, imp ´ oe um fator multiplicativo ˜ na sua sa´ıda. Isto possibilita obter a sa ` ´ıda tensoes que podem atingir os valores de alimentac¸ ˜ ao padr ˜ ao˜ (1.2 e 2.4 V), enquanto que a entrada recebe apenas centenas de mV. E ent ´ ao poss ˜ ´ıvel trabalhar com baixa potencia mas conseguir alimentar circuitos comerciais ou circuitos em tecnologia CMOS de n ˆ os´ mais recentes

Effect of nonlinearities and objective function in optimization of an energy harvesting device

This work presents a study of the impact of the linearity assumption of the mechanical model in the overall performance of an energy harvesting piezoelectric beam. Also, a brief assessment of geometrical optimization solutions using different objective functions is presented. The mechanical model of the harvester is based on both linear and nonlinear variants of the electrical and mechanical constitutive equations for the piezoelectric material. The nonlinear elastic, damping and electromechanical coupling parameters are obtained via least squares identification using physical experimentation; the experimental tests are performed at different ground excitation accelerations. The computational optimization of the harvester is done using the genetic algorithm implemented in Matlab. Different objective functions are tested, i.e. broadband maximum peak power, maximum power at a particular frequency and broadband mean power; the influence of the selection of each of them in the total recovery of the power of the device is analyzed. The most suitable function to recover the vibratory energy from conventional transport vehicles is found.Fil: Gatti, Claudio David. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, Jose Miguel. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Febbo, Mariano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Instituto de Física del Sur. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Física. Instituto de Física del Sur; ArgentinaFil: Machado, Sebastián Pablo. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional; Argentin

Multi-segmented maxillary ortho-surgical treatment in Class II patients with maxillary protrusion and open bite: a concise systematic review

Introduction: Anterior open bite is the lack of vertical contact or negative overbite between the anterior teeth of the upper and lower arches when the posterior teeth are in occlusion. Its etiology is multifactorial, including heredity, oral habits, unfavorable growth patterns, and increased lymphatic tissue along with mouth breathing and functional oral matrices. The characteristics of individuals with anterior open bite include excessive gonial, mandibular, and occlusal plane angles, mandibular small body, and ramus increased lower anterior facial height, decreased upper anterior facial height, retrusive jaw, Class II tendency, divergent cephalometric planes, lingual position, and inadequate lip seal. Objective: To carry out a concise systematic review of multi-segmented maxillary ortho-surgical treatment in class II patients with maxillary protrusion and open bite. Methods: Experimental and clinical studies (case reports, retrospective, prospective and randomized) with qualitative and/or quantitative analysis were included, following the rules of the systematic review-PRISMA. A total of 289 articles were initially found and, after selection, 17 articles were used to compose this study. Results and conclusion: Significant improvement in anterior occlusion can be expected in most patients when maxillary or mandibular surgery is used for Class II open bite correction. However, there will be individual patients in whom there will be considerable post-treatment changes in the anteroposterior and vertical dimensions. Although individual morphology needs to be taken into account, it appears that both short-term and long-term stability are likely to be greater after Le Fort I surgery compared to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy

Parathyroidectomy after kidney transplantation: short- and long-term impact on renal function

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplantation corrects endocrine imbalances. Nevertheless, these early favorable events are not always followed by rapid normalization of parathyroid hormone secretion. A possible deleterious effect of parathyroidectomy on kidney transplant function has been reported. This study aimed to compare acute and longterm renal changes after total parathyroidectomy with those occurring after general surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective case-controlled study. Nineteen patients with persistent hyperparathyroidism underwent parathyroidectomy due to hypercalcemia. The control group included 19 patients undergoing various general and urological operations. RESULTS: In the parathyroidectomy group, a significant increase in serum creatinine from 1.58 to 2.29 mg/dl (P < 0.05) was noted within the first 5 days after parathyroidectomy. In the control group, a statistically insignificant increase in serum creatinine from 1.49 to 1.65 mg/dl occurred over the same time period. The long-term mean serum creatinine level was not statistically different from baseline either in the parathyroidectomy group (final follow-up creatinine = 1.91 mg/dL) or in the non-parathyroidectomy group (final follow-up creatinine = 1.72 mg/dL). CONCLUSION: Although renal function deteriorates in the acute period following parathyroidectomy, long-term stabilization occurs, with renal function similar to both preoperative function and to a control group of kidney-transplanted patients who underwent other general surgical operations by the final follow up

Drivers of variation in seagrass-associated amphipods across biogeographical areas

Amphipods are one of the dominant epifaunal groups in seagrass meadows. However, our understanding of the biogeographical patterns in the distribution of these small crustaceans is limited. In this study, we investigated such patterns and the potential drivers in twelve Cymodocea nodosa meadows within four distinctive biogeographical areas across 2000 Km and 13° of latitude in two ocean basins (Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean). We found that species abundances in the assemblage of seagrass-associated amphipods differed among areas following a pattern largely explained by seagrass leaf area and epiphyte biomass, while the variation pattern in species presence/absence was determined by seagrass density and epiphyte biomass. Seagrass leaf area was also the most important determinant of greater amphipod total density and species richness, while amphipod density also increased with algal cover. Overall, our results evidenced that biogeographical patterns of variation in amphipod assemblages are mainly influenced by components of the habitat structure, which covary with environmental conditions, finding that structurally more complex meadows harboring higher abundance and richness of amphipods associated.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Drivers of variation in seagrass-associated amphipods across biogeographical areas

Amphipods are one of the dominant epifaunal groups in seagrass meadows. However, our understanding of the biogeographical patterns in the distribution of these small crustaceans is limited. In this study, we investigated such patterns and the potential drivers in twelve Cymodocea nodosa meadows within four distinctive biogeographical areas across 2000 Km and 13° of latitude in two ocean basins (Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean). We found that species abundances in the assemblage of seagrass-associated amphipods differed among areas following a pattern largely explained by seagrass leaf area and epiphyte biomass, while the variation pattern in species presence/absence was determined by seagrass density and epiphyte biomass. Seagrass leaf area was also the most important determinant of greater amphipod total density and species richness, while amphipod density also increased with algal cover. Overall, our results evidenced that biogeographical patterns of variation in amphipod assemblages are mainly influenced by components of the habitat structure, which covary with environmental conditions, finding that structurally more complex meadows harboring higher abundance and richness of amphipods associated.This work was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the contract program DL57/2016/CP1361/CT0004 and CCMAR through the projects UIDB/04326/2020, UIDP/04326/2020 and LA/P/0101/2020

Extracellular vesicles from pancreatic cancer stem cells lead an intratumor communication network (EVNet) to fuel tumour progression

© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.Objective: Intratumor heterogeneity drives cancer progression and therapy resistance. However, it has yet to be determined whether and how subpopulations of cancer cells interact and how this interaction affects the tumour. Design: We have studied the spontaneous flow of extracellular vesicles (EVs) between subpopulations of cancer cells: cancer stem cells (CSC) and non-stem cancer cells (NSCC). To determine the biological significance of the most frequent communication route, we used pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) orthotopic models, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs). Results: We demonstrate that PDAC tumours establish an organised communication network between subpopulations of cancer cells using EVs called the EVNet). The EVNet is plastic and reshapes in response to its environment. Communication within the EVNet occurs preferentially from CSC to NSCC. Inhibition of this communication route by impairing Rab27a function in orthotopic xenographs, GEMMs and PDXs is sufficient to hamper tumour growth and phenocopies the inhibition of communication in the whole tumour. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that CSC EVs use agrin protein to promote Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator (YAP) activation via LDL receptor related protein 4 (LRP-4). Ex vivo treatment of PDXs with antiagrin significantly impairs proliferation and decreases the levels of activated YAP.Patients with high levels of agrin and low inactive YAP show worse disease-free survival. In addition, patients with a higher number of circulating agrin+ EVs show a significant increased risk of disease progression. Conclusion: PDAC tumours establish a cooperation network mediated by EVs that is led by CSC and agrin, which allows tumours to adapt and thrive. Targeting agrin could make targeted therapy possible for patients with PDAC and has a significant impact on CSC that feeds the tumour and is at the centre of therapy resistance.The work was supported by NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000029, Norte Portugal Regional Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund and national funds through FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology POCI-01–0145-FEDER-32189. Programa Operacional Regional do Norte and co-financed by European Regional Development Fund under the project "The Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center" with the reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-072678 - Consórcio PORTO.CCC – Porto.Comprehensive Cancer Center. CFR is supported by FCT (SFRH/BD/131461/2017), NB by (SFRH/BD/130801/2017), IB by FCT (SFRH/BD/144854/2019), and BA by FCT (PD/BD/135546/2018). DG’s contribution was supported by the NCI (R21 CA179907). We acknowledge the support of the i3S Scientific Platforms: Translational Cytometry, Animal Facility, Bioimaging and Histology and Electron Microscopy are members of the national infrastructure PPBI - Portuguese Platform of Bioimaging (PPBI-POCI-01–0145-FEDER-022122). Proteomics was performed at the Proteomics Facility of The Spanish National Center for Biotechnology (CNB-CSIC), ProteoRed, PRB3-ISCIII, supported by grant PT17/0019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comparison of Biofilm and Attachment Mechanisms of a Phytopathological and Clinical Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae

Some bacterial species can colonize humans and plants. It is almost impossible to prevent the contact of clinically pathogenic bacteria with food crops, and if they can persist there, they can reenter the human food chain and cause disease. On the leaf surface, microorganisms are exposed to a number of stress factors. It is unclear how they survive in such different environments. By increasing adhesion to diverse substrates, minimizing environmental differences, and providing protection against defence mechanisms, biofilms could provide part of the answer. Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae is clinically important and also associated with fruit diseases, such as “pineapple fruit collapse.” We aimed to characterize biofilm formation and adhesion mechanisms of this species isolated from pineapple in comparison with a clinical isolate. No differences were found between the two isolates quantitatively or qualitatively. Both tested positive for capsule formation and were hydrophobic, but neither produced adherence fibres, which might account for their relatively weak adhesion compared to the positive control Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35984. Both produced biofilms on glass and polystyrene, more consistently at 40°C than 35°C, confirmed by atomic force and high-vacuum scanning electron microscopy. Biofilm formation was maintained in an acidic environment, which may be relevant phytopathologically