Recurrent selection as breeding strategy for heat tolerance in wheat

The development of heat-tolerant varieties is an important goal of wheat breeding programs, requiringefficient selection methods. In the present study the use of recurrent selection was evaluated as a strategy to improve heatstress tolerance in wheat. Two cycles of recurrent selection were performed in experiments conducted in research areas of theUniversidade Federal de Viçosa, located in Coimbra-MG and Viçosa-MG, in 2004 and 2007, in two growing seasons (summerand winter). The genetic gain and the existence of variability show the possibility of successful recurrent selection for heattolerancein wheat

Poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in Horses in Northern Rio Grande do Sul

Background: In various regions of Brazil, horses and cattle are considered the most susceptible animals to plant poisoning. The plants of the genus Senecio are the most important in Rio Grande do Sul because they have the active principle known as the pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Its diagnosis is made through epidemiology, clinical signs and histopathological analysis, either of the tissues obtained by biopsy or necropsy. The objective of this study was to report and characterize the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings of three cases of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in horses assisted at the Hospital Veterinário (HV) of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF).Cases: Three traction horses, two males and one female, were admitted at the HV-UPF for clinical care. The animals were presenting anorexia, weight loss, dysmetria, proprioceptive deficit and signs suggestive of colic. The epidemiological study revealed that the sites where these animals were located were infested by Senecio brasiliensis. The support therapy used for equine colic in all three cases was unsuccessful. One of the animals died and the other two were euthanized, all three of them being reffered for necropsy. The post-mortem findings were mainly found in the liver, which showed accentuation of the lobular pattern and the appearance of nutmeg. During necropsy, fragments of organs from thoracic and abdominal cavities and central nervous system were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Subsequently, the samples were processed chemically, submitted to cuts of five micrometers of thickness and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for microscopic analysis. Microscopically, the liver of all three horses presented megalocytosis, fibrosis and bile ducts hyperplasia. In the central nervous system, spongiosis and the presence of Alzheimer type II astrocytes were observed. Thus, through the association of information, the diagnosis of poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis was achieved.Discussion: The diagnosis of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis was obtained through the epidemiological survey that showed S. brasiliensis in pastures where all three horses were allocated.  Cases of intoxication by S. brasieliensis in cattle are more frequent than in equines, although both species are considered the most susceptible. In horses, the main clinical manifestations observed include neurological disorders, apathy, anorexia, dysphagia, weight loss, subcutaneous edema and icterus. The clinical signs presented by the equines suggested initial signs of colic syndrome, although anorexia, weight loss, dysmetria and proprioceptive deficit are commonly observed in pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning in the liver, both in cattle and horses. The pyrrolizidine alkaloids present in the genus Senecio that become toxic when biotransformed in the liver into a pyrrholic form highly reactive that inhibits cell mitosis and leads to the onset of megalocytosis, cell death and liver fibrosis. The necropsy findings and histopathology were characteristic of poisoning in equines, since the predominant macroscopic lesions in the liver were hepatomegaly and accentuation of lobular pattern, whereas microscopically, there was a predominance of hepatic fibrosis, megalocytosis, spongiosis and the incidence of Alzheimer's type II astrocytes in the brain. These lesions are observed both in natural and in experimental cases of poisoning in horses. Thus, through the ante-mortem and complete post-mortem evaluation of the three equines, it was possible to establish the occurrence of natural poisoning by Senecio brasiliensis in Northern Rio Grande do Sul, as well as to characterize the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological findings of poisoning in this species

Metastatic Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma in a Mare

Background: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cutaneous neoplasm in horses, which mainly affects the external genitalia, oral cavity, and periocular region. The development of SCC metastases is rare in these animals, and the most common occurrence is a marked local infiltration. Exposure to ultraviolet rays and skin depigmentation are the main etiological factors of SCC. Definitive diagnosis of the neoplasm is performed through histological examination of lesions. The present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and immunohistochemical (IHC) aspects of a case of metastatic SCC, with the vulva as the primary site in a mare. Case: A 17-year-old mare, mixed breed, was referred to the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF), with history of areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat), and  clinical history of anorexia, frequent episodes of colic, and recumbency. During clinical evaluation, heart rate (68 bpm), rectal temperature (38.4ºC), and respiratory rate (48 mpm) were elevated, and the oral mucosa was pale. The mare also had an ulcerated tumor mass involving the vulva, which extended to the inguinal region and involved the mammary gland. A cytological aspirate of the vulvar tumor was performed, in which no neoplastic cells were found. Next, a biopsy of 2 distinct areas of the vulva was performed. The material was sent for anatomopathological examination, which showed markedly pleomorphic malignant squamous cells, with individual keratinization and high mitotic index, organized in trabeculae with rare keratin pearl-like formations. The exam allowed the diagnosis of SCC Grade II. Due to the poor prognosis and high cost of treatment, the owner consented to euthanasia and necropsy examination. During necropsy, the vulvar tumor mass was grayish, firm to hard, infiltrative, and had friable areas. Tumor foci suggestive of metastasis were also observed in inguinal, mesenteric, mediastinal and renal lymph nodes, adrenal glands, lung, pericardium, medullary canal, intercostal muscles, right 15th rib, and tissue surrounding the azygos vein. Samples from all organs were collected for anatomopathological examination. Diagnosis of metastatic vulvar SCC was confirmed through histological and IHC studies, which evaluated the expression of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), as well as the proliferative activity of neoplastic cells through the PCNA marker. Discussion: The diagnosis of metastatic SCC was obtained through the observed clinical, necroscopic, histological, and IHC characteristics. This neoplasm usually appears in depigmented regions exposed to ultraviolet light, and older animals are more likely to be affected. The mare in the present case had areas of depigmented skin (pinto coat). The animal was kept in a paddock outdoor and exposed to constant solar radiation. Although rare in horses, manifestation of anorexia, progressive weight loss, and frequent colic episodes and recumbency may be closely related to the multiple sites of metastasis in the present case. The main histological findings of the neoplasm were the dense proliferation of malignant squamous cells with individual keratinization, arranged in a trabecular pattern and with rare formations of keratin pearls, in line with previous studies. During IHC evaluation, the neoplastic cells showed expression of cytokeratins (AE1/AE3), as well as high proliferative activity evidenced by the PCNA marker. Given this background, the present report describes the clinical, anatomopathological, and IHC aspects of a case of metastatic SCC with a primary site in the vulva of a mare. Keywords: equine, genital neoplasm, tumor embolism, squamous cell carcinoma, metastasis, immunohistochemistry

Assessment of the mental health of police officers:a systematic review of specific instruments

Objective: The objective was to identify validated instruments from the literature that assess the mental health of police officers. Methods: This is a systematic review of validated instruments used to assess the mental health of police officers. Searches were conducted in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, CINAHL/EBSCO, and Virtual Health Library databases. This review follows the JBI Manual for Systematic Reviews and the PRISMA statement. The methodological quality of the articles and the risk of bias were assessed. Results: A total of 1530 studies were identified across the six databases, with 158 studies read in full by the authors after excluding duplicates and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria. The final 29 studies were analyzed for methodological quality and risk of bias using the AXIS and SFS-D tools. Conclusion: This review identified 27 self-administered validated instruments useful for assessing various mental health outcomes in police officers, with the most frequently used being the Police Stress Questionnaire. These findings may help guide security force administration, occupational health professionals, and mental health researchers in selecting and implementing psychometrically reliable instruments for screening the mental health of police officers

Reflexos da COVID-19 na saúde psicoespiritual da população: uma revisão bibliográfica / Reflexes of COVID-19 on the psycho-spiritual health of the population: a literature review

Introdução: em 2020, houve o início da pandemia do Sar-covs-2, com uma cepa de coronavírus que afeta principalmente o sistema respiratório humano. A falta de conhecimento acerca da origem do micro-organismo dificultou a sua compreensão e, consequentemente, o tratamento e a cura. Devido a facilidade de infecção, medidas de isolamento social precisaram ser adquiridas na intenção de diminuir o contágio. No entanto, o isolamento social associado as grandes mudanças e falta de conhecimento, causaram efeitos sobre a saúde mental e espiritual das pessoas. Método: trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica de caráter qualitativo. A busca ocorreu através da plataforma Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), utilizando os descritores: “saúde mental”, “espiritualidade” e “COVID-19”. Os critérios de inclusão foram: artigos disponíveis, nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados em 2020 e 2021. Foram encontrados 26 resultados. Os critérios de exclusão foram: artigos que dissertavam sobre profissionais de saúde, textos indisponíveis de forma gratuita, preprints, e artigos que não estavam de acordo com a temática, excluindo-se 9 artigos. A amostra final foi composta por 17 artigos. Resultados: os trabalhos analisados demonstraram que, devido à pandemia, houve um aumento da estatística de doenças mentais ocasionadas, de modo geral, pelo isolamento social, falta de informação e medo da morte. Estas situações contribuíram de forma negativa na saúde dos indivíduos, proporcionando angústia, ansiedade, depressão e outros problemas de saúde. A religiosidade, adaptação e a prática de algum tipo de luto favoreceram em menores agravos. Conclusão: o contato com o transcendental, a rápida adequação à nova realidade e a adaptação do processo de luto, favoreceu para que houvesse menos efeitos negativos na saúde mental. Esses fatores contribuíram para o enfretamento do cenário pandêmico, tornado as pessoas mais resilientes em momentos de ansiedade, tristeza e luto. Praticamente não houve efeitos positivos da pandemia sobre a saúde psicoespiritual

ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM A UMA FAMÍLIA ATENDIDA PELO PROGRAMA DE INTERNAÇÃO DOMICILIAR DO DISTRITO FEDERAL FUNDAMENTADA NO PLANEJAMENTO ESTRATÉGICO SITUACIONAL E MODELO CALGARY

O presente relato de caso objetivou descrever os cuidados de enfermagem que foram dispensados a uma família acompanhada por uma equipe do Núcleo Regional de Atenção Domiciliar, de uma Região Administrativa do Distrito Federal mediante priorização, baseada na escala de Cascavel, de um membro desta por tal serviço público. O contexto inseriu-se segundo relatos oriundos da Disciplina ‘Enfermagem em Saúde da Comunidade 02 e Estágio’, ofertada na modalidade obrigatória aos discentes do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade de Brasília. Descreveu-se, inicialmente, a Região Administrativa do Paranoá. Em seguida, os dados da família e aspectos específicos dos cuidados individuais e coletivos na atenção domiciliar a um paciente com diagnóstico de tumor de tronco cerebral. A exposição se finda com considerações sobre os diagnósticos de enfermagem elucidados, as intervenções que foram realizadas com a família segundo o modelo Calgary e com uma avaliação da atuação do grupo de acadêmicos. A experiência da atenção prestada a este paciente, no âmbito comunitário, possibilitou a evolução da habilidade acadêmica em trabalhar com uma equipe multiprofissional, discutir casos com a complexidade inerente ao contexto domiciliar e aplicar a sistematização da assistência em enfermagem neste contexto. Soma-se a isso, que a vivência junto aos profissionais do serviço, observando sua atuação, trocando conhecimento, opiniões e experiências, foi fundamental como suporte para as ações e aprendizado acadêmico. Para que se pudesse traçar um planejamento foi importante o estabelecimento de problemas prioritários, o que culminou no aprimoramento da habilidade de focalização

Outbreak of Monensin Sodium Poisoning in Horses Associated with Consumption of Mineral Supplement Based on Sugarcane Molasses

Background: Sodium monensin is a molecule of the group of ionophores antibiotics (IAs) of the polyether carboxylic type produced from the fermentation of Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Cases of IA poisoning in animals usually occur accidentally. Fatal poisoning in horses, a non-target species and with particular sensitivity usually occurs by the consumption of these products from the toxic dose of 2-3 mg/kg. This report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of an outbreak of ionophore antibiotic poisoning in horses due to the consumption of mineral supplementation indicated for ruminants based on sugarcane molasses.Case: Two horses were necropsied. During necropsy, fragments of various organs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, routinely processed for histology and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The information obtained from the animal trainer was that 19 horses received approximately 25 kg of low moisture mixture based on sugarcane molasses, enriched with macro and micro minerals, vitamins and additives containing 1000 mg of monensin/kg in the trough. One day after receiving the product, five horses began to develop ataxia, reluctance to move, difficulty of accompanying the herd and arising. Out of the five, three died after three days of evolution, one after six days (equine 1) and another after 15 days (equine 2) [morbidity 26.31%]. At necropsy, diffuse pallor was observed in the gluteus medius, quadriceps femoris, semimembranosus, biceps brachii and deep pectoral muscles. Microscopically the muscle fibers were tumefied with hypereosinophilic sarcoplasm of homogeneous appearance and with loss of striations, pynotic or absent nuclei (necrosis). Multifocal areas of fibers with sarcoplasmic fragmentation were observed, with clusters of irregular eosinophilic debris, flake (floct necrosis) or granule (granular necrosis) aspects and focal muscle fibers with granular to crystalline basophilic material (mineralization) and marked multifocal infiltrate, predominantly of macrophages, plasma cells and eosinophils with occasional multinucleated giant cells. In the heart there was focally a extensive area of necrosis and a discrete eosinophil infiltrate.Discussion: The diagnosis of ionophore antibiotic intoxication in horses was established by epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects. In the horses affected in this outbreak, the intoxication was due to the ingestion of sugarcane molasses containing proportions of monensin, which is not indicated for equines, becoming an unusual source for this animal species. The clinical signs reported in the intoxication under study are mostly locomotors and are directly linked to poor distribution of sodium, potassium and calcium ions in muscle cells, leading to ionic disorders that modify the muscle neurotransmission by deregulating contraction and altering movement. Usually, death of horses poisoned with IAs is related to heart failure due to degenerative cardiomyopathy. However, due to the subtlety of the histological lesions in the heart, we believe that the cause of death may also be related to a possible respiratory failure owing to a degenerative myopathy of the diaphragmatic muscle. The anatomopathological changes found in the skeletal muscles of equine intoxicated with molasses are similar to those described in this species by other authors. Compounds based on sugarcane molasses formulated for cattle containing monensin should be considered as a potential source of poisoning for horses and as a cause of degenerative myopathy, which may be an alert for caring about the handling and feeding of these animals.

A produção de um podcast como projeto de extensão universitária em uma faculdade de medicina de Belo Horizonte

Introdução: A extensão universitária possibilita que o conhecimento sistemático desenvolvido no ambiente da universidade ultrapasse seus muros e seja apresentado à comunidade. Diante disso, as formas digitais de comunicação se tornaram uma fonte ágil e eficiente para a disseminação de conteúdos científicos. Em especial, os podcasts, que transformam os usuários em produtores de conteúdos e favorecem abordagens regionais e de representação social. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária no desenvolvimento de episódios de podcasts sobre educação em saúde. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, baseado em relato de experiência. O projeto de extensão Podcast: “Saúde: Direto ao assunto”, que mais tarde foi denominado Podcast: Pato Talk, foi realizado entre agosto de 2022 e fevereiro de 2023. Os roteiros dos episódios foram elaborados pelos discentes envolvidos no projeto de extensão, a revisão técnica realizada pelo docente orientador e as gravações e edição dos episódios realizadas no Hub Tecnológico da instituição de ensino. Resultados: No estudo, foram elaboradas duas temporadas do Pato Talk, com um total de quatro episódios, com a proposta de divulgar informações científicas sobre temas da saúde de acordo com as cores dos meses do ano (Outubro Rosa e Novembro Azul), através de entrevistas com especialistas, que formaram o acervo de podcasts da instituição de ensino. Os episódios do podcast, tiveram uma duração aproximada entre 10 e 15 minutos. Conclusão: Com a construção de podcasts, é possível  divulgar conhecimento na área da saúde no sentido de desmistificar notícias falsas e promover educação em saúde de forma inclusiva

SEPSE NEONATAL: DESAFIOS NO DIAGNÓSTICO E TRATAMENTO

Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a clinical syndrome in which the patient shows systemic signs of infection, associated with the presence of bacteria, fungi or viruses in sterile fluids (blood or liquor) in the first month of life. NS is one of the main causes of neonatal death worldwide, and premature and low birth weight newborns (NB) are the most susceptible to developing it. A survey of articles published between 2011-2022 was carried out using PubMed, Scielo and Google Scholar. The search terms used were "Neonatal Sepsis" and "Neonatal Sepsis". Articles published in Portuguese or English were selected. As a result, it was found that neonatal sepsis is classified according to the time elapsed before the onset of signs and symptoms, being called early when it occurs in the first 72 hours of life and late when it occurs after these 72 hours. In this sense, the former is linked to the conditions of the delivery/mother and the NB at birth, while the latter is related to the use of medication, invasive procedures and hospitalization in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). The clinical manifestations of this pathology are non-specific and are constantly confused with conditions of age/prematurity, consisting of difficulty breathing, tachycardia, lethargy, fever, jaundice with no other determining cause, vomiting, diarrhea and other alterations. Diagnosing NS is a challenge, since there is a lack of tools with optimum sensitivity for this, sometimes requiring several tests for confirmation. Even so, sometimes a diagnosis of clinical sepsis is made in order to immediately start antibiotic therapy, which is the basis of treatment for neonatal sepsis.La sepsis neonatal (SN) es un síndrome clínico en el que el paciente muestra signos sistémicos de infección, asociados a la presencia de bacterias, hongos o virus en fluidos estériles (sangre o licor) en el primer mes de vida. El síndrome neonatal es una de las principales causas de muerte neonatal en todo el mundo, y los recién nacidos prematuros y de bajo peso al nacer (RN) son los más susceptibles de desarrollarlo. Se realizó un estudio de los artículos publicados entre 2011-2022 utilizando PubMed, Scielo y Google Scholar. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron "Neonatal Sepsis" y "Neonatal Sepsis". Se seleccionaron artículos publicados en portugués o inglés. Como resultado, se encontró que la sepsis neonatal se clasifica de acuerdo con el tiempo transcurrido antes del inicio de los signos y síntomas, denominándose precoz cuando ocurre en las primeras 72 horas de vida y tardía cuando ocurre después de las 72 horas. En este sentido, la primera está vinculada a las condiciones del parto/madre y del RN al nacer, mientras que la segunda se relaciona con el uso de medicación, procedimientos invasivos y hospitalización en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales (UCIN). Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta patología son inespecíficas y se confunden constantemente con condiciones propias de la edad/prematuridad, consistiendo en dificultad respiratoria, taquicardia, letargia, fiebre, ictericia sin otra causa determinante, vómitos, diarrea y otras alteraciones. El diagnóstico de la SN es todo un reto, ya que se carece de herramientas con una sensibilidad óptima para ello, requiriéndose en ocasiones varias pruebas para su confirmación. Aun así, a veces se realiza un diagnóstico de sepsis clínica para iniciar inmediatamente la antibioterapia, que constituye la base del tratamiento de la sepsis neonatal.A sepse neonatal (SN) é uma sindrome clínica na qual o paciente apresenta sinais sistêmicos de infecção, associados à presença de bactérias, fungos ou vírus em líquidos estéreis (sangue ou licor) no primeiro mês de vida. A SN é uma das principais causas de morte neonatal no mundo, sendo os prematuros e recém-nascidos (RN) com baixo peso ao nascer, os mais suscetíveis a desenvolvê-la. Realizou-se um levantamento de artigos publicados entre 2011-2022, utilizando PubMed, Scielo e Google Scholar. Utilizou-se como termos de busca “Neonatal Sepsis” e “Sepse Neonatal”. Foram selecionados artigos publicados em português ou inglês. Com isso, foi obtido que a sepse neonatal é classificada quanto ao tempo de vida decorrido para o início dos sinais e sintomas, sendo denominada precoce quando ocorre nas primeiras 72 horas de vida e, tardia quando após essas 72 horas. Nesse sentido, a primeira está ligada às condições do parto/mãe e do RN ao nascimento, enquanto a segunda se relaciona ao uso de medicamentos, procedimentos invasivos e internação em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). As manifestações clínicas dessa patologia são inespecíficas e constantemente são confundidas com condições da idade/prematuridade, sendo compostas por dificuldade respiratória, taquicardia, letargia, febre, icterícia sem outra causa determinante, vômitos, diarreia e outras alterações. O diagnóstico da SN é um desafio, uma vez que falta ferramentas com ótima sensibilidade para tal, necessitando, por vezes, de diversos exames para a confirmação. Ainda assim, em alguns momentos, é feito o diagnóstico de sepse clínica para início imediato da antibioticoterapia, que constitui a base do tratamento da sepse neonatal