O significado atribuído ao papel masculino e feminino por adolescentes de periferia El significado que los adolescentes de la periferia le atribuyen al rol masculino y femenino Meanings attributed to the masculine and feminine roles by socially-excluded adolescents

Trata-se de pesquisa-ação cujo objetivo foi compreender os significados atribuídos ao papel masculino e feminino pelos adolescentes/jovens integrantes de um projeto de inclusão social. Participaram 27 sujeitos vinculados aos grupos da Gastronomia, Estética e Nova Descoberta. Os dados derivam da oficina "conhecimento do corpo humano", desenvolvida nos três grupos em momentos distintos, por meio da construção de cartazes, atividades de recorte, colagem, desenho, escrita; utilização de manequim e abordagem dialógica do tema. Os dados foram analisados conforme o método de análise temática de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam duas categorias: "a fortaleza e o poder masculino" e "o papel contraditório do gênero feminino". Conclui-se que as diferenças dos papéis masculino e feminino, relacionadas ao contexto sócio-político-cultural no qual os adolescentes/jovens estão inseridos, tem repercussões importantes na forma que vivem a sua sexualidade, e, acima de tudo, na construção do seu viver saudável e de sua cidadania.<br>Se trata de investigación -acción cuyo objetivo fue comprender los significados que los adolescentes de un grupo de inclusión social le atribuyen al papel masculino y femenino Participaron 27 sujetos vinculados a los grupos da Gastronomía, Estética y Nueva Descubierta. Los datos derivan del taller "conocimiento del cuerpo humano", desarrollado en los 3 grupos, en momentos distintos, a través de la creación de carteles , actividades para hacer collagede recorte , diseño, escritura; utilización de maniquí y abordaje dialógica del tema. Los datos fueron analizados con el método de análisis temático de contenido. Los resultados evidencian dos categorías: "la fortaleza y el poder masculino" y "el papel contradictorio del género femenino". Se concluye que las diferencias de papeles masculino y femenino, relacionadas al contexto socio-político-cultural en el cual los adolescentes/jóvenes están inseridos, tiene repercusiones importantes en la forma en la que viven su sexualidad y en la construcción de una vida sana y en la formación de su ciudadanía.<br>The objective of this research-action was to better comprehend the meanings attributed to the masculine and feminine roles by socially-excluded adolescents/youth that are integrated to a social-inclusion project. Twenty-seven subjects who are linked to the Gastronomy, Aesthetics, and New Discovery Groups. The data were derived from the "human body knowledge" workshop, developed separately in 3 groups through the construction of poster boards, collage activities, drawing, writing, the utilization of mannequins, and a dialectic approach to the theme. The data was analyzed according to thematic content analysis, producing two categories: "masculine strength and power", and "the contradictory role of the feminine gender." We conclude that the differences in masculine and feminine roles related to the social-political-cultural context of which these adolescents/youth are inserted, have important repercussions in the form in which they live their sexuality and more importantly their construction of healthy living and citizenshi

Conhecimento e significado cultural da menopausa para um grupo de mulheres Conocimiento y significado cultural de la menopausia para un grupo de mujeres Menopause knowledge and experience for a group of women

Este estudo etnográfico, realizado junto a um grupo de mulheres, teve como objetivo verificar o nível de conhecimento sobre a menopausa e compreender como ocorre a vivência deste estágio biológico próprio do sexo feminino. Para a coleta dos dados, usou-se a observação participante, a entrevista, mediante uso de gravador, além de desenhos previamente reproduzidos. A análise foi efetuada com base nos pressupostos teóricos, de método etnográfico e de alguns pressupostos do interpretativismo biográfico. Das narrativas coletadas, extraíram-se as categorias e os temas culturais. Assim, foi possível verificar que o processo da menopausa era entendido como resultante de uma construção singular, estando integrado a uma rede de significados, instituídos pelo grupo, os quais condicionam o conhecimento e a vivência dentro de determinados padrões culturais, entre eles, o fato de que a menopausa significa deixar de ser mulher.<br>Este estudio etnográfico, realizado con un grupo de mujeres, tuvo como objetivo verificar el nivel de conocimiento sobre la menopausia y comprender cómo ocurre la vivencia de este período biológico propio del sexo femenino. Para la recolección de los datos, se usó la observación participante, la entrevista, mediante el uso de una grabadora, además de dibujos previamente reproducidos. El análisis se llevó a cabo con base en las premisas teóricas, del método etnográfico y de algunos del interpretativismo biográfico. De las narrativas recolectadas, se extrajeron las categorías y los temas culturales. De este modo, fue posible verificar que el proceso de la menopausia era entendido como resultado de una construcción singular, estando integrado a una red de significados, instituidos por el grupo, los cuales condicionan el conocimiento y la vivencia dentro de determinados patrones culturales, entre ellos, el hecho de que la menopausia significa dejar de ser mujer.<br>This ethnographic study is aimed at understanding a group of women's knowledge about menopause and how they experience it. The methods used for data collection were participant observation, recorded interviews and previously produced drawings. Data were analyzed based on a theoretical framework using both the ethnographic method and biographic interpretativism. From the narratives the authors obtained the cultural categories and themes. Thus it was possible to conclude that menopause is understood as a result of a unique construction integrated to a network of meanings built by the group that condition knowledge and experience within certain cultural patterns, among them the fact that menopause means leaving womanhood behind

Evolution of the surface plasmon resonance of Au:TiO2 nanocomposite thin films with annealing temperature

This paper reports on the changes in the structural and morphological features occurring in a particular type of nanocomposite thin-film system, composed of Au nanoparticles (NPs) dispersed in a host TiO2 dielectric matrix. The structural and morphological changes, promoted by in-vacuum annealing experiments of the as-deposited thin films at different temperatures (ranging from 200 to 800 C), resulted in a well-known localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon, which gave rise to a set of different optical responses that can be tailored for a wide number of applications, including those for optical-based sensors. The results show that the annealing experiments enabled a gradual increase of the mean grain size of the Au NPs (from 2 to 23 nm), and changes in their distributions and separations within the dielectric matrix. For higher annealing temperatures of the as-deposited films, a broad size distribution of Au NPs was found (sizes up to 100 nm). The structural conditions necessary to produce LSPR activity were found to occur for annealing experiments above 300 C, which corresponded to the crystallization of the gold NPs, with an average size strongly dependent on the annealing temperature itself. The main factor for the promotion of LSPR was the growth of gold NPs and their redistribution throughout the host matrix. On the other hand, the host matrix started to crystallize at an annealing temperature of about 500 C, which is an important parameter to explain the shift of the LSPR peak position to longer wavelengths, i.e. a red-shift.FEDER funds through the program COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade; Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), a Helmholtz Research Infrastructure at KIT; ELETTRA Synchrotron Radiation Center for the measurements at the SAXS beamline; European COST Actions MP0901-NanoTP;This work is sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE - Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade - and by national funds through FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-, under the projects PEst-C/FIS/UI607/2013, PEst-C/CTM/LA0025/2013 and PEst-C/EME/UI0285/2013. The authors would like also to thank the support by: (i) Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), a Helmholtz Research Infrastructure at KIT; (ii) ELETTRA Synchrotron Radiation Center for the measurements at the SAXS beamline; (iii) European COST Actions MP0901-NanoTP and (iv) European Community as an Integrating Activity 'Support of Public and Industrial Research Using Ion Beam Technology (SPIRIT project)' under EC contract no. 227012. M.B. acknowledges support from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Higher Education and Sport, (project number 098-0982886-2895)

Observation of Gravitational Waves from the Coalescence of a 2.5–4.5 M _⊙ Compact Object and a Neutron Star

Abstract We report the observation of a coalescing compact binary with component masses 2.5–4.5 M ⊙ and 1.2–2.0 M ⊙ (all measurements quoted at the 90% credible level). The gravitational-wave signal GW230529_181500 was observed during the fourth observing run of the LIGO–Virgo–KAGRA detector network on 2023 May 29 by the LIGO Livingston observatory. The primary component of the source has a mass less than 5 M ⊙ at 99% credibility. We cannot definitively determine from gravitational-wave data alone whether either component of the source is a neutron star or a black hole. However, given existing estimates of the maximum neutron star mass, we find the most probable interpretation of the source to be the coalescence of a neutron star with a black hole that has a mass between the most massive neutron stars and the least massive black holes observed in the Galaxy. We provisionally estimate a merger rate density of 55 − 47 + 127 Gpc − 3 yr − 1 for compact binary coalescences with properties similar to the source of GW230529_181500; assuming that the source is a neutron star–black hole merger, GW230529_181500-like sources may make up the majority of neutron star–black hole coalescences. The discovery of this system implies an increase in the expected rate of neutron star–black hole mergers with electromagnetic counterparts and provides further evidence for compact objects existing within the purported lower mass gap.</jats:p