“A Gente Quer Inteiro e não pela Metade” – A Importância da Função Social dos Contratos e para uma Sobrevivência Digna.

O contrato tradicional, antes visto como simples negócio jurídico bilateral, circulador de bens e serviços entre particulares, passa a ter papel relevante no cenário de modelo social estabelecido pela Constituição. Deve harmonizar a liberdade das partes com a dignidade humana, garantindo não apenas uma contratação livre e com força obrigatória, mas um contrato que permita sobrevivência social. “A gente não quer só comida, quer comida, diversão e arte”. Interlocução entre o jagunço Riobaldo – Grande Sertão: Veredas - e os Titãs. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: função social dos contratos. sobrevivência social. direito civil e constituição federal. dignidade da pessoa humana. ABSTRACT The traditional contract, before seen as a simple legal and bilateral deal, circulator of goods and services between parts, shall have a relevant role in the social scenario established by the Constitution. It must harmonize the freedom of the parts with human dignity, guaranteeing not only a clear hiring with obligatory force, but a contract that allows. "We don’t want just food. We want food, entertainment and art". Dialogue between gunman Riobaldo – Grande Sertão: Veredas – and the Titãs. KEYWORDS: the social function of the contract. social survival. federal constitucion. human dignity. Data da Submissão:25/11/2013 Data da Aceitação: 30/04/201

Analgesic action of laser therapy (LLLT) in an animal model

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the analgesic effect of laser therapy on healthy tissue of mice.STUDY DESIGN: Forty-five animals were divided in three groups of 15: A--infrared laser irradiation (830 nm, Kondortech, São Carlos, SP, Brazil); B--red laser irradiation (660 nm, Kondortech, São Carlos, SP, Brazil); C-- ham irradiation with laser unit off. After laser application, the mice remained immobilized for the injection of 30 microl of 2% formalin in the plantar pad of the irradiated hind paw. The time that the mouse kept the hind paw lifted was measured at 5 min intervals for 30 minutes.RESULTS: Results showed statistically significant differences comparing the control group with the infrared laser group at 5, 20, 25 and 30 accumulated minutes, and with the red laser group at all time points. The analysis of partial times, at each 5 minutes, showed statistically significant differences between the control and the laser groups up to 20 minutes.CONCLUSIONS: Laser therapy had an analgesic effect and red laser had the best results

A NEW POSSIBILITY FOR SURVEILLANCE: DO WE IDENTIFY ALL CASES OF LEPTOSPIROSIS?

SUMMARY Leptospirosis is a febrile disease with a typically underestimated global incidence, especially in regions where dengue is endemic. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately determine the number of leptospirosis cases in these areas, which contributes to significant under-reporting this disease. In this study, we estimated the number of possible leptospirosis cases among dengue-like cases that were reported during 2008, 2010, and 2012 in the city of Fortaleza, northeast Brazil. Patients were evaluated for dengue and leptospirosis using immunoenzymatic tests for IgM antibodies that were specific to each pathogen. Among the suspected cases of dengue that resulted as negative in laboratory tests, 10.8% (2008), 19.2% (2010), and 30.8% (2012) were confirmed to be leptospirosis. Considering the cases reported by the surveillance authority as dengue that were subsequently discarded based on the laboratory test results, we estimate that the number of actual leptospirosis cases may be 26 to 49 times higher than those diagnosed and reported by the Health Services. Furthermore, we believe that approximately 20% of dengue-like cases may be leptospirosis cases in areas where the two diseases are endemic

Copy number variation in Parkinson's disease

A central theme of human genetic studies is to understand genomic variation and how this underlies the inherited basis of disease. Genomic variation can provide increased biological understanding of disease processes, which is necessary to develop future treatments. Recent technological advances have highlighted the role of copy number variants in normal and pathological phenotypic expression. These applications have been used in studies of Parkinson's disease, a common, late-onset, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. At present the main therapeutic approach is administration of symptom-alleviating drugs, which neither reverses the disease process nor halts its progression. However, the generation of in vivo model systems and development of novel disease intervention strategies for Parkinson's disease have come from research on monogenic forms of the disorder, including those caused by copy number variants. Here, we review the role of copy number variants and the mechanistic insights they have provided on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease

Parkinsonian phenotype in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD/SCA3): a two-case report

Background: Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder of late onset, which is caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the coding region of the ATXN3 gene. This disease presents clinical heterogeneity, which cannot be completely explained by the size of the repeat tract. MJD presents extrapyramidal motor signs, namely Parkinsonism, more frequently than the other subtypes of autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias. Although Parkinsonism seems to segregate within MJD families, only a few MJD patients develop parkinsonian features and, therefore, the clinical and genetic aspects of these rare presentations remain poorly investigated. The main goal of this work was to describe two MJD patients displaying the parkinsonian triad (tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity), namely on what concerns genetic variation in Parkinson's disease (PD) associated loci (PARK2, LRRK2, PINK1, DJ-1, SNCA, MAPT, APOE, and mtDNA tRNAGln T4336C). Case presentation: Patient 1 is a 40 year-old female (onset at 30 years of age), initially with a pure parkinsonian phenotype (similar to the phenotype previously reported for her mother). Patient 2 is a 38 year-old male (onset at 33 years of age), presenting an ataxic phenotype with parkinsonian features (not seen either in other affected siblings or in his father). Both patients presented an expanded ATXN3 allele with 72 CAG repeats. No PD mutations were found in the analyzed loci. However, allelic variants previously associated with PD were observed in DJ-1 and APOE genes, for both patients. Conclusions: The present report adds clinical and genetic information on this particular and rare MJD presentation, and raises the hypothesis that DJ-1 and APOE polymorphisms may confer susceptibility to the parkinsonian phenotype in MJD

In Situ Microscopy Analysis Reveals Local Innate Immune Response Developed around Brucella Infected Cells in Resistant and Susceptible Mice

Brucella are facultative intracellular bacteria that chronically infect humans and animals causing brucellosis. Brucella are able to invade and replicate in a broad range of cell lines in vitro, however the cells supporting bacterial growth in vivo are largely unknown. In order to identify these, we used a Brucella melitensis strain stably expressing mCherry fluorescent protein to determine the phenotype of infected cells in spleen and liver, two major sites of B. melitensis growth in mice. In both tissues, the majority of primary infected cells expressed the F4/80 myeloid marker. The peak of infection correlated with granuloma development. These structures were mainly composed of CD11b+ F4/80+ MHC-II+ cells expressing iNOS/NOS2 enzyme. A fraction of these cells also expressed CD11c marker and appeared similar to inflammatory dendritic cells (DCs). Analysis of genetically deficient mice revealed that differentiation of iNOS+ inflammatory DC, granuloma formation and control of bacterial growth were deeply affected by the absence of MyD88, IL-12p35 and IFN-γ molecules. During chronic phase of infection in susceptible mice, we identified a particular subset of DC expressing both CD11c and CD205, serving as a reservoir for the bacteria. Taken together, our results describe the cellular nature of immune effectors involved during Brucella infection and reveal a previously unappreciated role for DC subsets, both as effectors and reservoir cells, in the pathogenesis of brucellosis

Programa de estimulación prenatal: base para el desarrollo motor de los neonatos del hospital ESSALUD de Tarapoto

The main objective of the study was to determine if the Prenatal Stimulation Program significantly influences the motor development of the newborns of the Hospital Essalud Tarapoto, for this two samples were taken, M1 = 25 newborns, sample without the Prenatal Stimulation Program of their mothers and M2 = 25 newborns, sample with the Prenatal Stimulation Program of their mothers. Non-probabilistic sampling was used at the discretion of the researchers and a quasi-experimental design was applied; To respond to our research problem, does the Prenatal Stimulation Program significantly influence the motor development of neonates at the Essalud Tarapoto Hospital? the T-Student proportion difference test was used at 95% confidence, as well as the characteristics of the dimensions through statistical analysis. After performing the rigorous statistical tests, the alternative hypothesis was accepted; The Prenatal Stimulation Program significantly influences the Motor Development of neonates at Essalud Tarapoto Hospital, with 95% confidence; as well as the characteristics by number of babies and percentages of the dimensions in the evaluative scale were determined; Developmental Disorder, Normal Development, and Developmental Advancement in Neonates.El estudio tuvo como objetivo principal determinar si el Programa de Estimulación Prenatal influye significativamente en el desarrollo motor de los neonatos del Hospital Essalud Tarapoto, para ello se tomó dos muestras, M1 = 25 neonatos, muestra sin el Programa de Estimulación Prenatal de sus madres y M2 = 25 neonatos, muestra con el Programa de Estimulación Prenatal de sus madres. Se empleó el muestreo no probabilístico a criterio de los investigadores y se aplicó un diseño cuasi experimental; para dar respuesta a nuestro problema de investigación ¿El Programa de Estimulación Prenatal, influye significativamente en el desarrollo motor de los neonatos del Hospital Essalud Tarapoto? se usó la prueba de diferencia de proporciones T- Student al 95% de confianza, así como se describió las características de las dimensiones a través del análisis estadístico. Luego de realizar las pruebas estadísticas de rigor se aceptó la hipótesis alternativa; El Programa de Estimulación Prenatal influye significativamente en el Desarrollo Motor de los neonatos del Hospital Essalud Tarapoto, con un 95% de confianza; así como se determinó las características por número de bebés y porcentajes de las dimensiones en la escala valorativa; Trastorno del desarrollo, Desarrollo normal y Adelanto del desarrollo en los neonatos