Análise de causa e influência de elementos meteorológicos em ocorrências de incêndios em florestas de produção

The amount and intensity of forest fires has been highlighted by the social, environmental and economic losses and impacts. Thus, the objective of this research was to identify the profile of forest fires as well as their causes and correlate the influence of meteorological elements under the occurrences of fires in production forests to direct the use of resources in prevention techniques and measures as well as structures to combat forest fires. The research had as subsidy the database of the historical series of 10 years of record of occurrence of Fires (ROIs) and meteorological elements from 45 meteorological stations of a company producing eucalyptus for cellulose, period from 2008 to 2017. According to the results, 91.40% of the 32,561 occurrences over the 10 years were originated by arsonists. Moreover, justified by the cause of the fire, the number of occurrences between the years analyzed presented moderate and low negative correlations, respectively, for relative humidity and amount of precipitation and negligible correlation for the average temperature. The monthly distribution of fires stood out because it was uniform throughout the year, since, although September and October presented the highest incidence of occurrences, they differed only from April to the level of 5% probability by the Tukey test. In this way, regions where the origin of forest fires is largely due to intentional and criminal action, the actions of prevention and combating of forest fires should be planned contemplating every month of the year.A quantidade e intensidade dos incêndios florestais têm sido destaque mediante as perdas e os impactos sociais, ambientais e econômicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar o perfil dos incêndios assim como suas causas e correlacionar a influência dos elementos meteorológicos sob as ocorrências de incêndios em florestas de produção para direcionar o uso de recursos em técnicas e medidas de prevenção, além de estruturas de combate aos incêndios florestais. O estudo teve como subsídio o banco de dados da série histórica de 10 anos de registro de ocorrência de incêndios e de variáveis meteorológicas oriundas de 45 estações meteorológicas de uma empresa produtora de eucalipto para celulose, no período de 2008 a 2017. De acordo com os resultados, 91,40% das 32.561 ocorrências ao longo dos 10 anos foram originadas por incendiários. Além disso, justificado pela causa do incêndio, a quantidade de ocorrências entre os anos analisados apresentou correlações negativas moderada e baixa respectivamente, para umidade relativa e precipitação e correlação desprezível para temperatura média. A distribuição mensal dos incêndios destacou-se por ser uniforme ao longo do ano, uma vez que, apesar de setembro e outubro apresentarem a maior incidência das ocorrências, eles diferiram apenas de abril ao nível de 5% de probabilidade pelo teste de Tukey. Dessa forma, regiões onde a origem dos incêndios florestais é majoritariamente por ação intencional e criminosa, as ações de prevenção, monitoramento, registro de informações confiáveis e combate aos incêndios florestais devem ser planejadas contemplando todos os meses do ano

Evaluation of the Health-Related Quality of Life in Elderly Patients According to the Type of Hip Fracture: Femoral Neck or Trochanteric

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect the type of hip fracture (femoral neck or trochanteric) has on the Health-Related Quality of Life of elderly subjects. METHODS: Forty-five patients with hip fractures (mean 74.30 ± 7.12 years), 24 with a femoral neck fracture and 21 with a trochanteric fracture, completed the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline and four months after fracture. The Health-Related Quality of Life scores were compared according to fracture type, undisplaced and displaced femoral neck fractures, and stable and unstable trochanteric fractures. RESULTS: Compared to baseline, all patients scored lower in the physical functioning, role limitation-physical, bodily pain and vitality categories four months after the fracture had occurred. The SF-36 scores for all the scales did not differ significantly between patients with femoral neck versus trochanteric fractures, or between patients with displaced versus undisplaced femoral neck fractures and stable versus unstable trochanteric fractures. CONCLUSIONS: The mental and physical quality of life of elderly patients with a hip fracture is severely impaired one month after fracture, with partial recovery by the end of the fourth month. The negative impact on the Health-Related Quality of Life did not differ significantly according to fracture type

Características morfológicas e composição bromatológica do capim-buffel sob diferentes alturas de corte e resíduo

Objetivou-se avaliar a produção de lâminas e hastes e a composição bromatológica do capim-buffel sob diferentes alturas de corte e resíduo. Foi utilizado um delineamento em blocos casualizados em um arranjo fatorial 2x2referente a combinações entre duas alturas de corte (60 e 80 cm) e duas alturas de resíduo (20 e 40 cm), com cinco repetições, totalizando 20 unidades experimentais. Para cada época de corte e tratamentos colheram-se amostras para determinar os componentes morfológicos e a composição bromatológica, que foi realizada no Laboratório de Nutrição Animal do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. A massa seca de lâmina total (MSLT) teve efeito (P<0,05) em relação às diferentes alturas de resíduo e corte tanto para a produção total como para o corte, sendo que o tratamento 20-60 obteve menor valor. Foi verificado efeito (P<0,05) para os teores de FDN do capim-buffel, em que os tratamentos 20-80 e 40-60 obtiveram menores teores de FDN. Altura de resíduo 40 cm proporciona maior quantidade de lâminas e consequentemente, maior teor de proteína bruta e menores percentuais de fibra em detergente neutro, para o capim-buffel.Palavras-chave: Cenchrus ciliaris. Lâmina/haste. Matéria seca

IMPACTO DO ATLETISMO PARALÍMPICO NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA: UMA PESQUISA TRANSVERSAL COMPARANDO ATLETAS DE ALTO RENDIMENTO, ATLETAS AMADORES E PESSOAS SAUDÁVEIS SEDENTÁRIAS

The present study analyzed the QoL of athletes with physical disabilities who participated in para athletics and compared them persons sedentary. Methods: Participants were divided into four groups:  G1 participating in high performance para athletics; G2 participating in amateur para athletics; G3 – sedentary people with physical disabilities; G4 – sedentary healthy people. Results: Athletes with physical disabilities who participate in high performance para athletics (G1) had the highest scores on all the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Conclusions: Physically disabled athletes reported having a better QoL in comparison with non-athlete people.El presente estudio analizó la CV de atletas con discapacidad física que participaban em paraatletismo y compararlos con personas sedentarias. Métodos: Los participantes fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: practicantes de paraatletismo de alto rendimiento; practicantes de para-atletismo aficionados G2; G3 – personas sedentarias con discapacidad física; G4 – personas sanas sedentarias. Resultados: Los atletas con discapacidad física que participan em paraatletismo de alto rendimiento (G1) obtuvieron los puntajes más altos en todos los dominios del WHOQOL-BREF. Conclusiones: Los atletas con discapacidad física informaron tener una mejor calidad de vida en comparación con las personas sedentarias.The present study analyzed the QoL of athletes with physical disabilities who participated in para athletics and compared them persons sedentary. Methods: Participants were divided into four groups:  G1 participating in high performance para athletics; G2 participating in amateur para athletics; G3 – sedentary people with physical disabilities; G4 – sedentary healthy people. Results: Athletes with physical disabilities who participate in high performance para athletics (G1) had the highest scores on all the WHOQOL-BREF domains. Conclusions: Physically disabled athletes reported having a better QoL in comparison with non-athlete people.O presente estudo analisou a QV de atletas com deficiência física que participaram do paraatletismo e compará-los a pessoas sedentárias. Métodos: Os participantes foram divididos em quatro grupos: G1 praticantes do paraatletismo de alto rendimento; G2 praticantes de para-atletismo amador; G3 – pessoas sedentárias com deficiência física; G4 – pessoas saudáveis sedentárias. Resultados: Atletas com deficiência física que praticam o para-atletismo de alto rendimento (G1) apresentaram as maiores pontuações em todos os domínios do WHOQOL-bref. Conclusões: Atletas com deficiência física relataram ter melhor QV em comparação com pessoas sedentárias

Effect of Powdered Shells of the Snail Megalobulimus lopesi

Topical administration of powdered shells of the land snail Megalobulimus lopesi was evaluated in Wistar rats for their healing activity in an excision wound model. The animals were distributed into three groups—G1 (control): no therapeutic intervention; G2 (vehicle controls): Lanette cream once daily; G3 (experimental animals): treated with powdered shells. Variables investigated were: wound area contraction, angiogenic activity, morphometric data, leukocytic inflammatory infiltrate, and total leukocyte count in peripheral blood. Thermogravimetric analysis and quantification and characterization of powdered shell proteins were also performed. Wound area on days 3, 7, and 14 was smaller in G3, besides presenting wound closure on day 21 for all these animals. Topical administration of the powdered shells also led to an increased number of vessels at the wound site, higher leukocyte counts in peripheral blood, and increased leukocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The results lend support to the southern Brazilian folk use of M. lopesi powdered shells, as shown by the enhanced secondary-intention healing achieved with their topical administration to wounds in rats. Topical administration caused inflammatory response modulation, crucial to accelerating the healing process, the chronification of which increases the risks of wound contamination by opportunistic pathogens

Influência da qualidade química do substrato no teor de nutrientes em folhas de mudas de eucalipto

This study aimed to assess the chemical quality of substrates obtained from the combination of an organic compound derived from waste of the pulp manufacturing process with the base substrate used as control and nutritional contents of eucalyptus leaves ready for transport. The study was conducted in the forest nursery at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, using hybrid seeds of Eucalyptus “urograndis”. The treatments contained the following compost concentrations: T0 – 0% of compound; T1 – 20% of compound; T2 – 40% of compound; T3 – 60% of compound; T4 – 80% of compound and T5 – 100% of compound. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and five replications with 30 seedlings each. The chemical analysis of substrates was performed and at 120 days after sowing (DAS), we conducted the foliar chemical analysis. All treatments were below the standards considered optimal for the variables measured. Nutrient contents in the leaves of eucalyptus seedlings did not show a relationship with the increased percentage of organic compound in the substrate. The combination of organic compound with the base substrate used as control did not result in any good quality substrate, because the eucalyptus leaves showed nutrient content below optimal levels.Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a qualidade química de substratos obtidos a partir da combinação de umcomposto orgânico, oriundo de resíduos do processo de fabricação de celulose, com o substrato base utilizado comocontrole e os teores nutricionais das folhas de eucalipto prontas para expedição. O estudo foi realizado no Viveiro Florestalda Universidade Federal de Lavras utilizando-se sementes do híbrido Eucalyptus “urograndis”. Os tratamentos testadoscontinham as seguintes concentrações de composto: T0 - 0% de composto; T1 - 20% de composto; T2 - 40% de composto;T3 - 60% de composto; T4 - 80% de composto e T5 - 100% de composto. O experimento foi implantado em delineamentointeiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, cinco repetições com 30 mudas cada. Foi realizada análise química dossubstratos e aos 120 dias após a semeadura (DAS) foi realizada análise química foliar. Todos os tratamentos mostraram-seabaixo dos padrões considerados ótimos para as variáveis mensuradas. Os teores dos nutrientes nas folhas das mudas deeucalipto não possuíram relação com o aumento da porcentagem de composto orgânico no substrato. A combinação docomposto orgânico com o substrato base utilizado como controle não resultou em nenhum substrato com boa qualidade,pois as folhas de eucalipto apresentaram teores de nutrientes abaixo do considerado adequado. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13086/2316-980x.v01n02a0

Marine biotechnology in Brazil : recent developments and its potential for innovation

Marine biotechnology is an emerging field in Brazil and includes the exploration of marine microbial products, aquaculture, omics, isolation of biologically active compounds, identification of biosynthetic gene clusters from symbiotic microorganisms, investigation of invertebrate diseases caused by potentially pathogenic marine microbes, and development of antifouling compounds. Furthermore, the field also encompasses description of new biological niches, current threats, preservation strategies as well as its biotechnological potential. Finally, it is important to depict some of the major approaches and tools being employed to such end. To address the challenges of marine biotechnology, the Brazilian government, through the Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communication, has established the National Research Network in Marine Biotechnology (BiotecMar) (www.biotecmar.sage.coppe.ufrj.br). Its main objective is to harness marine biodiversity and develop the marine bioeconomy through innovative research

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of <em>Mesosphaerum suaveolens</em> (Lamiaceae)

Mesosphaerum suaveolens (Lamiaceae) is a medicinal plant commonly used in Brazil for the treatment of diseases related to the digestive tract and respiratory diseases, so we hypothesized that the essential oil of this species may have antibacterial activity. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial and modulatory activity of the essential oil of M. suaveolens as well as to characterize its chemical composition. The identification of the constituents was performed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID) and the antibacterial and modulating activity by the plate microdilution method. We found the oil had sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene as the major component. This compound may account for the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus strains, since the essential oil had a MIC of 64 μg/mL for the standard strain and 256 μg/mL for the multiresistant strain, demonstrated that the oil does not exhibit drug modulating activity. Thus, M. suaveolens oil has bioactive compounds which can be used in the preparation of drugs