La movilidad de estudiantes universitarios Erasmus+ entre países vecinos: Los casos de Portugal y España

Las migraciones en el espacio ibérico se han interpretado a la luz de los mercados de trabajo y de la influencia de las relaciones transfronterizas. En el primer caso, se ha reconocido el predominio de una emigración laboral poco cualificada desde Portugal hacia España. Otros enfoques han enfatizado el rol de nuevos flujos de emprendedores, de gerentes y directores de empresa, de científicos, etc. en los que se aprecia un mayor balance migratorio entre ambos países. En el segundo caso, se ha estudiado la movilidad entre regiones limítrofes como el norte Portugal y Galicia, ya se trate de migraciones definitivas o de commuting. Sin embargo, poco a nada se ha investigado en relación con la movilidad de estudiantes de enseñanza universitaria entre ambos países. Cabe preguntarse, por tanto: ¿Qué tipo de flujos de estudiantes universitarios se registran? ¿Cuáles son más numerosos? ¿Cuáles son las áreas geográficas que atraen a estos estudiantes? ¿Qué análisis comparativo cabe hacer de ellas en el seno de la movilidad general del Espacio Europeo de Enseñanza Superior? Las respuestas a estas preguntas pueden desvelar algunas de las tendencias de las recíprocas migraciones de España y Portugal, contribuyendo al conocimiento mutuo de las relaciones de ambos países y, por ende, a la cohesión socio-territorial de los estados ibéricos.Migrations in the Iberian space have been interpreted in the light of the labor markets and the influence of cross-border relations. In the first case, the prevalence of a lowskilled labor emigration from Portugal to Spain has been recognized. Other approaches have emphasized the role of new flows of entrepreneurs, managers, scientists, etc. in which there is a greater migration balance between both countries. In the second case, the mobility between border regions such as northern Portugal and Galicia has been studied, whether they are definitive migrations or commuting. However, little by nothing has been investigated in relation to the mobility of university students between the two countries. It may be asked accordingly: What type of university student flows are recorded? Which are more numerous? What are the geographical areas that attract these students? What comparative analysis can be made within the general mobility of the European Higher Education Area? The answers to these questions can reveal some of the tendencies of the reciprocal migrations of Spain and Portugal, contributing to the mutual knowledge of the relations between both countries and, therefore, to the socio-territorial cohesion of the Iberian states

siRNA library screening to define esophageal adenocarcinoma cell survival factors.

70 Background: There is a pressing need to identify new therapeutic targets for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Hence, we utilized siRNA-screening libraries to identify genes impacting on EAC cancer cell growth to identify potential therapeutic targets. Methods: A “druggable genome” library (6,022 individual siRNAs) was utilized to examine EAC cell survival using the MTT assay. Statistical analysis combined the use of Z-factor, t-test and SSMD. EAC cell lines GohTRT, SKGT4 and OE33 were utilized. Functional validation of the resulting siRNAs utilized RT-PCR, Western Blot, ELISA and TOPFLASH assays. Results: siRNA library screening resulted in positive quality metrics (Z-factor&gt;0.5) confirming its validity and further identifying 118 high confidence gene targets affecting EAC cell growth. Verification of these siRNA targets in multiple cell lines indicated a good level of concordance with the primary screening data. Bioinformatic and pathway mapping approaches of these targets emphasized links between EAC cell proliferation and regulators of inflammation and “immune cell processes” (LIF, C1Qa, C1r, C1s, GDF15, IL9R and TREM2). Pathological and transcriptomic studies demonstrated that LIF (FC=96.7; P&lt;0.0001), GDF15 (EAC: FC=74; P&lt;0.0001), C1Qa and TREM2 may be up-regulated in EAC biopsies. In functional work, exposure of EAC cell lines to recombinant or native proteins of C1q, LIF and GDF15 rescued the observed effects of their respective silencing in EAC cells (&gt;90%,p0.001) and acted as potential growth promoters (&gt;40%, p0.01). Auto-regulatory feedback loops were discovered in response to treatment with exogenous C1q and LIF in EAC cells. Signal transduction could be induced through b-catenin stabilization and STAT3 pathways in response to C1q and LIF treatment respectively. GDF15 was observed to act in a similar fashion to TGFb in scratch wound assays and additionally regulate Th17 type T-cell differentiation. Conclusions: Genes regulating EAC proliferation have been defined by siRNA library screening. We have identified secreted immune factors, not previously associated with EAC biology, capable of regulating EAC cell survival. </jats:p