PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RUMPUT RAJA (Pennisetum purpupoides) DAN TEBON JAGUNG TERHADAP PERFORMANS SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO) BETINA

THE EFFECTS OF AFFERING KING GRASS (Pennisetum Purpupoides) AND CORN STOVER ON PERFORMANCE OF ONGOLE CROSSBREED COWS A research evaluating the effects of affering king grass (Pennisetum purpupoides) and corn stover as feed ingredients on performance of ongole crossbreed cows has been conducled. Two years old, of fifteen ongole crossbreed cows with ± 200 kg body weight were used in this experiment. Completely  Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 3 replications was used. The treatments were R1 = 100% king grass, R2 = 75% king grass + 25% corn stover, R3 = 50% king grass + 50% corn stover, R4 = 25% king grass + 75% corn stover and R5 = 100% corn stover. Variables measured were dry matter consumption (DMC), average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion (FC). The average of DMC, ADG and FC were 4,64-5,97 kg/tail/day, 0,36-0,55 kg/tail/day and 10,89-13,44 respectively.  The results showed that there were significant effects (P0,05) on FC. Tukey test showed that DMC of cows fed R1 were significantly (P0,05) difference among cows fed R3, R4 and R5. ADG of cows fed R1 was not significantly (P>0,05) different compared to R2, R3 and R4, while, cows fed R1 and R2 were Significantly (P<0,05) lower compared to R5. Based on the results on DMC, ADG and FC it can be concluded that to increase performance of crossbreed cows the portion of king grass can be affered up to 50%, on the other hand corn stover is more than 50% in the ration. Key words :     Kinggrass (Pennisetum purpupoides), corn stover, performance ongole crossbreed cows

DAYA DUKUNG BAHAN KERING, PROTEIN KASAR DAN TOTAL DIGESTIBLE NUTRIEN LIMBAH TANAMAN PANGAN SEBAGAI PAKAN RUMINANSIA DI KECAMATAN TALAWAAN KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA

CARRYING CAPACITY OF DRY MATTER, CRUDE PROTEIN AND TOTAL NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY OF CROP WASTE AS RUMINANT FEED IN TALAWAAN SUB-DISTRICT OF NORTHERN MINAHASA. A research evaluating nutrient carrying capacity of crop residues as ruminant feed had been conducted since 1st March – 6th April 2017 in District Talawaan North Minahasa  Regency. Descriptive method of analysis was used. Secondary data were collected from Balai Pertanian Peternakan dan Perikanan dan Kehutanan in Talawaan district and Statistics Center Bureau (BPS) North Minahasa Regency. Parameters observed were crop residues carrying capacity  and carrying capacity index of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and total digestible nutrient (TDN). The results showed that carrying capacity of DM, CP and TDN were 9664 AU, 5240 AU and 8090 AU, respectively. Carrying capacity indexes were at safe levels (> 2) 13.09, 7.10, and 10.96 for DM, CP and TDN, respectively. It can be concluded that carrying capacity of DM (9664 AU), CP (5240 AU) and TDN (8090 AU) can provide nutrients for additional 8926 AU (DM), 4502 AU (CP) and 7351 AU (TDN) of ruminants in Talawaan District, North Minahasa Regency with carrying capacity index of >2. Keywords: Food crop residues, nutrient carrying capacity, carrying capacity index, ruminant livestocks

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KONSENTRAT DALAM PAKAN RUMPUT BENGGALA ( Panicum Maximum ) TERHADAP KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF PADA KAMBING LOKAL

ABSTRACTTHE EFDFECT OF CONCENTRATE UTILIZATION IN GUINEA GRASS( Panicum maximum) FEED ON NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITYIN LOCAL GOATS. A research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate utilization in Guinea grass (Panicum maximum) ration on NDF and ADF digestibility. Twelve male local goats were used in this experiment and located in individual pens. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replication was used. The treatments were R1 = 100 % guinea grass, R2 = 75 % guinea grass + 25 % concentrate, R3 = 50 % guinea grass + 50 % concentrate, and 25 % guinea grass + 75 % concentrate. The results showed that the effect on NDF digestibility was highly significantly different among treatments (P < 0.01), and significantly different (P <0.05) on ADF digestibility. The conclusion was concentrate could be utilized up to 75%, however, the utilization of 50% concentrate was the best for NDF digestibility and 25% concentrate for ADF digestibility.Key words: Guinea Grass, Concentrate, Digestibilities, NDF, ADF, and local goats

PENGARUH PENGGANTIAN TEPUNG IKAN DENGAN TEPUNG MAGGOT BLACK SOLDIER (Hermetia illucens) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMEN BROILER

THE EFFECTS OF SUBSTITUTION OF FISH MEAL WITH MAGGOT MEAL OF  BLACK SOLDIER (Hermetia illucens) IN RATION ON BROILER’S CARCASS AND ABDOMINAL LIPID PERCENTAGE’S. Maggot meal of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) as an alternative feed to substitute fish meal have been used in poultry ration. In recent years, researches have conducted some experiments in substituting fish meal with maggot meal of black soldier (Hermetia illucens) as an alternative feed. A research evaluating the effects of substitution of fish meal with maggot of black soldier on carcass and abdominal lipids of  broiler has been done for six months at Department of Animal Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado. Eighty broilers (day of chicks) strain CP 707 were allocated in 20 units of cages. Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications was used. The treatments were R0 = 100% fish meal (0% maggot meal in the ration), R1 = 75% fish meal + 25% maggot meal (3.75% maggot meal in the ration), R2 = 50% fish meal + 50% maggot meal (7.5% maggot meal in the ration), R3 = 25% fish meal + 75% maggot meal (11.25% maggot meal in the ration),and  R4 = 100%  maggot meal (15% maggot meal in the ration). Variables measured were carcass and abdominal lipid percentages. Carcass and abdominal percentage in this experiment were 68.47 – 73.17% and 3.08 – 4.38%, respectively. Analysis of variance showed that there were significant (P&lt;0,01) effects of treatments on carcass and abdominal lipid percentages. Tukey’s test showed that R4 or 100% substitution of fish meal with maggot meal (15% maggot meal in the ration) was lower compared to R0, R1 and R2,however, there were no significant difference among R0, R1, R2 and R3, while R3 was not significantly different with R4 for carcass percentage. Abdominal lipid percentage of R4 was significantly higher compared to R0, however, there were no significant difference among R1, R2, R3 and R4. Based on carcass and abdominal lipid percentage’s. It can be concluded that fish meal can be substituted by maggot meal up to 75% (11.25% maggot meal in the ration). Keywords: Fish meal, maggot meal,  carcass, abdominal lipid, broiler

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN KONSENTRAT DALAM PAKAN BERBASIS RUMPUT (Panicum maximum) TERHADAP KECERNAAN HEMISELULOSA DAN SELULOSA PADA KAMBING LOKAL

ABSTRACTTHE EFFECT OF CONCENTRATE UTILIZATION IN GUINEA GRASS (Panicum maximum) FEED ON HEMIELLULOSE AND CELLULOSE DIGESTIBILITIES IN LOCAL GOATS. Research was conducted to evaluate the effects of concentrate utilization in guinea grass (Panicum maximum) feed on hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities in local goats. Twelve male local goats were used in this experiment and raised in 12 unit individual pens. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications was used. The treatments were R1 = 100 % guinea grass, R2 = 75 % guinea grass + 25 % concentrate, R3 = 50 % guinea grass + 50 % concentrate, R4 = 25 % guinea grass + 75 % concentrate. The results showed that effects on hemicellulose and cellulose digestibilities were significantly different among treatments (P &lt; 0,05). Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) showed that R1 treatment was significantly lower compared to R3 and R4 treatments. There was no different between R1 and R2, and among R2, R3, and R4. It was concluded that concentrate could be utilized up to 75 %, however the best treatment was utilization of 25 % concentrate.Key words: guinea grass, concentrate, digestibility, hemicellulose, cellulose, and local goats

PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ZAT ADITIF (ENZIM DAN ASAM ORGANIK) DENGAN PROTEIN TINGGI DAN RENDAH PADA PAKAN BERBASIS DEDAK TERHADAP PERFORMAN KELINCI

EFFECTS OF ADDITIVES ADDITION (ENZYMES AND ORGANIC ACIDS) WITH HIGH AND LOW PROTEIN IN RICE BRAN BASE RATION ON RABBIT’S PERFORMANCE. A research evaluating the effectiveness of enzymes and organic acids in the rice bran-based with different protein content on the production performance of weaning rabbits. This research was conducted in March to May 2014 at the Livestock Research Center Ciawi. One hundred and twenty rabbits Rex and Reza of 900 -1400g body weight. The design used was factorial (2x4) based on Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 replications. Combinations treatment consisted of factors, namely the level of protein factor A: A1 = 14% protein and A2 = 18% protein and factor B the addition of additives (enzymes + Organic Acids) consisting of: B1 = Ration Basal; B2 = Ration Basal + Feed Enzymes; B3 = Feed Enzymes and propionic acid; B4 = Feed Enzymes and butyric acid. Variables measured were Feed Consumption, Daily Body Weight Gain, and Feed Conversion. Feed consumption in this research were 74.95 to 86.59 g/ head/ day. Analysis of variance showed that there were no significant effects of treatments on feed consumption (P&gt; 0.05). Daily body weight gain of rabbits ranged from 11.73 to 16.74 g/head/day. There was a significant effect of treatment interaction on average daily body weight gain (P &lt;0.05). Tukey test showed that Average Daily Gain (ADG) of rabbits fed  A2B3 16.74 g/ head/day (18% protein with the addition of enzyme and propionic acid) was significantly higher than the rabbits fed A1B3 11.73 g/head/day (14 % protein with the addition of enzymes and organic acids). The feed conversion in this research is about 4.93 to 6.60 g/head/day. There were significant difference among treatment on feed conversion (P&gt; 0.05). It can be concluded that there is no need of additive supplement when the ration has fulfilled nutrient requirement on 14 % and 18 % protein. Keywords: Rabbit, Rice Bran, Enzymes, Organic Acid