29 research outputs found
Multiple-type solutions for multipole interface solitons in thermal nonlinear media
We address the existence of multipole interface solitons in one-dimensional
thermal nonlinear media with a step in the linear refractive index at the
sample center. It is found that there exist two types of solutions for tripole
and quadrupole interface solitons. The two types of interface solitons have
different profiles, beam widths, mass centers, and stability regions. For a
given propagation constant, only one type of interface soliton is proved to be
stable, while the other type can also survive over a long distance. In
addition, three types of solutions for fifth-order interface solitons are
found.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
Solitons in thermal media with periodic modulation of linear refractive index
We address the existence and properties of solitons in thermal media with
periodic modulation of linear refractive index. Many kinds of solitons in such
optical lattices, including symmetric and antisymmetric lattices, are found
under different conditions. We study the influence of the refractive index
difference between two different layers on solitons. It is also found that
there do not exist cutoff value of propagation constant and soliton power for
shifted lattice solitons. In addition, the solitons launched away from their
stationary position may propagate without oscillation when the confinement from
lattices is strong.Comment: 6 pages, 6 figure
Defect solitons supported by nonlocal PT symmetric superlattices
The existence and stability of defect solitons supported by parity-time (PT)
symmetric superlattices with nonlocal nonlinearity are investigated. In the
semi-infinite gap, in-phase solitons are found to exist stably for positive or
zero defects, but can not exist in the presence of negative defects with strong
nonlocality. In the first gap, out-of-phase solitons are stable for positive or
zero defects, whereas in-phase solitons are stable for negative defects. The
dependence of soliton stabilities on modulation depth of the PT potentials is
studied. It is interesting that solitons can exist stably for positive and zero
defects when the PT potentials are above the phase transition points.Comment: 12 figures, 6 pages, Accepted by EP
Relation between surface solitons and bulk solitons in nonlocal nonlinear media
We find that a surface soliton in nonlocal nonlinear media can be regarded as
a half of a bulk soliton with an antisymmetric amplitude distribution. The
analytical solutions for the surface solitons and breathers in strongly
nonlocal media are obtained, and the critical power and breather period are
gotten analytically and confirmed by numerical simulations. In addition, the
oscillating propagation of nonlocal surface solitons launched away from the
stationary position is considered as the interaction between the soliton and
its out-of-phase image beam. Its trajectory and oscillating period obtained by
our model are in good agreement with the numerical simulations.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 39 reference, Accepted by Opt. Expres
Severe persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation causes lymphopenia through impairing hematopoiesis
Miliary tubersculosis (TB), an acute systemic blood disseminated tuberculosis mainly caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), can cause signs of lymphopenia in clinical patients. To investigate whether/how persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impairs hematopoiesis and the therapeutic effect of interleukin-7 (IL-7), a mouse model of Mycobacterium Bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravenous infection with/without an additional stimulation with M. tuberculosis multi-antigen cocktail containing ESAT6-CFP10 (EC) and Mtb10.4-HspX (MH) was established. Consistent with what happened in miliary TB, high dose of BCG intravenous infection with/without additional antigen stimulation caused lymphopenia in peripheral blood. In which, the levels of cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α in serum increased, and consequently the expression levels of transcription factors Batf2 and IRF8 involved in myeloid differentiation were up-regulated, while the expression levels of transcription factors GATA2 and NOTCH1 involved in lymphoid commitment were down-regulated, and the proliferating activity of bone marrow (BM) lineage- c-Kit+ (LK) cells decreased. Furthermore, recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2-mediated IL-7 (rAAV2-IL-7) treatment could significantly promote the elevation of BM lymphoid progenitors. It suggests that persistent mycobacteria antigen stimulation impaired lymphopoiesis of BM hematopoiesis, which could be restored by complement of IL-7
Towards an end-to-end analysis and prediction system for weather, climate, and marine applications in the Red Sea
Author Posting. © American Meteorological Society, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Meteorological Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 102(1), (2021): E99-E122, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0005.1.The Red Sea, home to the second-longest coral reef system in the world, is a vital resource for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The Red Sea provides 90% of the Kingdom’s potable water by desalinization, supporting tourism, shipping, aquaculture, and fishing industries, which together contribute about 10%–20% of the country’s GDP. All these activities, and those elsewhere in the Red Sea region, critically depend on oceanic and atmospheric conditions. At a time of mega-development projects along the Red Sea coast, and global warming, authorities are working on optimizing the harnessing of environmental resources, including renewable energy and rainwater harvesting. All these require high-resolution weather and climate information. Toward this end, we have undertaken a multipronged research and development activity in which we are developing an integrated data-driven regional coupled modeling system. The telescopically nested components include 5-km- to 600-m-resolution atmospheric models to address weather and climate challenges, 4-km- to 50-m-resolution ocean models with regional and coastal configurations to simulate and predict the general and mesoscale circulation, 4-km- to 100-m-resolution ecosystem models to simulate the biogeochemistry, and 1-km- to 50-m-resolution wave models. In addition, a complementary probabilistic transport modeling system predicts dispersion of contaminant plumes, oil spill, and marine ecosystem connectivity. Advanced ensemble data assimilation capabilities have also been implemented for accurate forecasting. Resulting achievements include significant advancement in our understanding of the regional circulation and its connection to the global climate, development, and validation of long-term Red Sea regional atmospheric–oceanic–wave reanalyses and forecasting capacities. These products are being extensively used by academia, government, and industry in various weather and marine studies and operations, environmental policies, renewable energy applications, impact assessment, flood forecasting, and more.The development of the Red Sea modeling system is being supported by the Virtual Red Sea Initiative and the Competitive Research Grants (CRG) program from the Office of Sponsored Research at KAUST, Saudi Aramco Company through the Saudi ARAMCO Marine Environmental Center at KAUST, and by funds from KAEC, NEOM, and RSP through Beacon Development Company at KAUST