ISKUSTVO SUPERVIZANATA O NEOTKRIVANJU PODATAKA U SUPERVIZIJI PSIHOTERAPIJE

The present study examined the processes of supervisees’ non-disclosure in the supervision of psychotherapy. The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of non-disclosure by supervisees, the content of non-disclosure and the reasons for it. The study involved 50 supervisees (42 women and 8 men), with different professional developmental levels and belonging to various psychotherapeutic schools. Study participants completed the Questionnaire of Significant Aspects of Supervision after each of two consecutive supervision sessions. Half of the sessions were conducted in individual and half of the sessions in group settings. Altogether, 90 completed questionnaires were used in the study. Interviews were performed with ten of the supervisees. Data was coded according to principles of grounded theory (Corbin and Strauss, 2015). Our findings revealed that non-disclosure was present in 21% of the sessions. Supervisees conceal dissatisfaction with supervisors and their work, content related to the supervision group, information related to psychotherapeutic work, personal topics and topics related to wider professional activity. The reasons for non-disclosure were: not feeling safe enough in the supervisory relationship or the supervision group, concern for the supervisor, shame and self-criticism. These findings are significant both for the practice and for further research of supervision.U prikazanom istraživanju analizirali su se procesi neotkrivanja podataka od strane supervizanata u superviziji psihoterapije. Cilj istraživanja bio je odrediti učestalost neotkrivanja podataka od strane supervizanata, sadržaj neotkrivenih podataka i razloge za neotkrivanje. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 50 supervizanata (42 žene i 8 muškaraca) različitih razina profesionalnog razvoja koji pripadaju različitim školama psihoterapije. Sudionici istraživanja ispunili su Upitnik o značajnim aspektima supervizije nakon svaka od dva uzastopna supervizijska susreta. Pola susreta održavalo se kao individualni a pola kao grupni suprevizijski susreti. U istraživanju je ukupno korišteno 90 ispunjenih upitnika. Nakon toga, proveedeni su intervjui s deset supervizanata. Podaci su kodirani u skladu s načelima utemeljene teorije (Corbin i Strauss, 2015). Naši su rezultati pokazali da je neotkrivanje bilo prisutno u 21% supervizijskih susreta. Supervizanti prikrivaju nezadovoljstvo sa supervizorima i njihovim radom, sadržaj povezan sa supervizijskom grupom, informacije povezane s psihoterapijskim radom, osobne teme i teme povezane sa širom profesionalnom aktivnošću. Razlozi za neotkrivanje podataka bili su: nedovoljan osjećaj sigurnosti u supervizijskom odnosu ili supervizijskoj grupi, briga za supervizora, stid i samokritika. Ovi su rezultati značajni i za praksu i za buduće istraživanje supervizije

The picture test of separation and individuation - preliminary research

Authors introduce a new instrument, which they developed for measuring separation and individuation process and attachment in adolescence and adulthood. The Picture Test of Separation and Individuation (PTSI) is a semi–projective test. It consists of various pictures, which represent relationships with significant others. PTSI is divided into three subtests: Relationship with Mother, Relationship with Father and Attachment. In a preliminary research on a sample of college and university students authors studied basic properties of the test. The results of the research indicate that PTSI is consistent with theoretical background, has good sensitivity and is economical. The Picture Test of Separation and Individuation enables quick but complex insight into individual's relationships with significant others as well as into his/her stage of separation and individuation process. Considering satisfying results of pilot study, authors suggest further research for validation of the test

Adult attachment styles

Theory of attachment primarily described early relationships between a child and his caretakers. In the last twenty years there is a growing interest in adult attachment research. Theories and research findings of adult attachment stem from two different methodological approaches. The first approach measures adult attachment through Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; Main, 1991) where the attachment is assessed through the narratives of adult people of their early child experiences with their primary caretakers. The second approach measures adult attachment with the help of self-evaluative questionnaires, developed by (a) Hazan and Shaver (1987) who started this approach in the field of personality and social psychology, and (b) Bartholomew and Horowitz (1991). Research shows that there is significant correlation between early and adult attachment style. Attachment styles are passed from generation to generation. Basic adult attachment styles are: securely attached, preoccupied, fearful-avoidant, dismissing-avoidant and disorganized. Previous research using Barholomew and Horowitz (1991) Relationship Questionnaire on 176 Slovenian students showed that 48% students are securely attached, 29% are fearful-avoidant, 10% are dismissing-avoidant, and 13% have preoccupied attachment style. Theory of attachment is very useful for understanding the behavior and subjective experiences of children and adults. It is applicable to different contexts (psychotherapy, counseling, education ...). The paper proposes further research focused on integration of adult attachment styles and types of object relations measured by Test of object relations (Žvelc, 1998) and Pictorial test of Separation and Individuation (Žvelc, 2003)

I HAVE FEELINGS, TOO - THE JOURNEY FROM AVOIDANT TO SECURE ATTACHMENT

In the article I describe the integrative psychotherapy of the client who showed an avoidant state of mind. I explore how in two and a half years of psychotherapeutic treatment, in a sensitive and caring therapeutic relationship, the client process of integration and development of a secure state of mind is unfolding. The client is becoming more open and accepting of her own internal states, particularly her vulnerability and the need for having a secure, warm and loving relationship with another. An increased contact with self is enabling her to make important decisions and implement changes into her life. Theory of attachment is used as important guideline for diagnosis, treatment planning and understanding of the psychotherapeutic process

RESPONSE TO THE RICHARD ERSKINES ARTICLE RELATIONAL HEALING OF EARLY AFFECT-CONFUSION - PART 3 OF A CASE STUDY TRILOGY

This article provides four responses from senior psychotherapists and supervisors to Erskine’s articleRelational Healing of Early Affect-Confusion. The authors approach the third part of case study trilogy from their particular perspective and provide both challenge and respect for the author’s work

RESPONSE TO THE RICHARD ERSKINES ARTICLE BALANCING ON THE BORDERLINE OF EARLY AFFECT-CONFUSION - PART 2 OF A CASE STUDY TRILOGY

This article provides four responses from senior psychotherapists and supervisors to Erskine’s articleBalancing on the “Borderline” of Early Affect-Confusion. The authors approach the second part of case study trilogy from their particular perspective and provide both challenge and respect for the author’s work