The influence of glazing type, frame profiles shape and size of the winodow of the final value of window thermal transmittance U

The paper presents the analysis of the relation between window thermal transmittance and the window shape, size, frame profile, glazing type and opening area division. The analysis was performed in the Window 6.3 program developed by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, which has the possibility of a comprehensive analysis of the heat flow through the various types of windows, according to the current assessment procedure developed by the National Fenestration Rating Council (NFRC) and comply with ISO 15099. For the purpose of the analysis a number of computer simulations of various window frames were conducted

Influence of the Balcony Glazing Construction on Thermal Comfort of Apartments in Retrofitted Large Panel Buildings

AbstractThis paper presents the results of the annual computational simulations conducted for separate flats of a ten-story W70 large-panel building. The calculations were carried out in the Design Builder program which prepares a simulation of the building envelope as well as the separate parts of the building interior. The simulations conducted for the polish climatic conditions allowed the assessment of the thermal comfort of the entire multi-family building and of the particular flats. It is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect in the panel buildings. This issue is closely related to the thermal comfort of the building, especially during the summer months. For the last couple of years modernization of large panel buildings has become very popular. Most of the multi-family large panel buildings in Poland have already been insulated, windows were exchanged and in many cases balconies were closed with glazing constructions. Based on conducted simulations authors analyzed the microclimate conditions in different apartments, with different orientation of balconies. Different simulation steps were analyzed which allowed an evaluation of the influence of different windows, loggia glazing framings and night cooling on microclimate in different apartments

Thermal comfort of office rooms with a large area of glazing

The paper presents an attempt at assessing the impact of how the type of construction of a building influences the thermal comfort of office rooms with a large area of glazing, in summer months. The results of simulations are presented for a two-storey office building. The calculations were carried out in the Design Builder program. Simulations were carried out for the climate in Poland, which allowed for assessment of the conditions for the thermal comfort of the building in the spring and summer. The main aim of the analysis was to determine how the material and design solutions as well as the applied glazing and shades influence the protection of the building against overheating and the thermal comfort conditions

Simulation analysis of microclimate conditions in a multi – family large panel building

When analyzing large panel buildings, it is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect. This issue is closely related to the thermal comfort of the building, especially during the summer months. Based on the simulations conducted in the Design Builder program, the authors determined the influence of building orientation, individual flat location and thermal insulation on the thermal comfort of the different flats of a large multi-family panel building

Symulation of night cooling in a single dwelling of a large panel building

When analyzing large panel buildings, it is very rare to take into consideration the requirements connected with the overheating effect. The paper presents the results of the annual computational simulations of thermal comfort conducted for one flat of W70 multi-family large panel building. Basing on the simulations the authors analyzed the influence of night cooling on thermal comfort inside the flat. Different simulation steps were taken into consideration: windows with and without shading systems, opened during entire night or just during given periods of time to keep specific thermal conditions

Measurements of the thermal comfort in the W70 panel building

It is estimated that about 4 million flats in Poland are made of prefabricated elements in different systems. Moreover, at present more than 10 million Poles live in system buildings. Despite the commonness of those buildings the analyses of the microclimate of the interior space are very rare. The paper presents the results of the thermal comfort measurements conducted in different flats of multi-family panel building made in W70 system. It appears there is a problem with the overheating effect during the summer months in all parts of the building

Influence of shading systems on the microclimate conditions in large panel buildings

The thermal comfort conditions of multi-family buildings, including large panel buildings, are rarely analyzed. Simulations of large panel buildings conducted by authors in the Design Builder program show very unfavorable microclimate conditions in buildings after thermal modernization. The simulation results of the influence of internal and external shadings on the thermal comfort of dwellings in multi-family large panel building are presented in this article

Transition from n

The knowledge of the air flow and air exchange in the building is critical both on the design and operation stage of the building. Infiltration of air interferes with the mechanical ventilation and determines the proper functioning of the natural ventilation system, still commonly used in the standard buildings. The building airtightness can be described by n50 parameter, however it does not specify the real air exchange in natural conditions. According to the simple procedure of the standard EN ISO 13789, factor n50 may be easily converted to the monthly averaged air change rate. However, it is difficult to accept the same value of air change rate in any month of a year, as it is often done in the certification procedures. More precise, climate dependent conversion procedures have been elaborated in USA, but they were developed for the specific local building technology and local climate conditions. This paper presents the results of the preliminary measurements conducted in a single family house in Poland, built in a heavy-weight technology. The real air exchange rate was measured in various climatic conditions by means of gas tracing method, with CO2 as the tracer gas, in order to prove a relationship between the enhanced procedure and the external conditions. Acceptable agreement between the results of the measurement and model calculations was obtained. Based on the preliminary results, the authors determined the more realistic influence of the enhanced algorithm on the ventilation energy demand. The use of the simplified model resulted in case of the analyzed object in 15% overestimation of the ventilation thermal losses