Matrix of surveyed sites versus vertebrate species detected by at least one sampling technique

Matrix of surveyed sites versus vertebrate species detected by at least one sampling technique, including the geographical coordinate of each site

tree species data

Data were collected in 2012 in 87 one-quarter hectare forest plots within the Balbina Hydroeletric Dam. The first column indicates the scientific name of each species recorded on at least one forest plot. The first line indicates forest plot identification. See the 'metrics data' for information of the island name according to each forest plot identification. The matrix contains the presence/absence data of each tree species within each of those 87 forest plots

Relationships between forest patch area and species richness at 40 surveyed sites at Balbina considering (a) the total number of vertebrate species; and (b) the resampled mean (± SD) number of species per 500-m transect segment or individual camera trap (CT) station based on a standardized survey effort.

<p>Relationships between forest patch area and species richness at 40 surveyed sites at Balbina considering (a) the total number of vertebrate species; and (b) the resampled mean (± SD) number of species per 500-m transect segment or individual camera trap (CT) station based on a standardized survey effort.</p

Relationships between forest patch area subjected to varying levels of burn severity and the total number of species persisting in (a) all 40 forest sites; and (b) only islands smaller than 10 ha.

<p>Symbols are coded according to burn severity (squares = unburnt; solid triangles = low burn severity; crosses = intermediate burn severity; solid circles = severely burnt).</p

Summary of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) of vertebrate species richness at (1) all 37 forest islands and three continuous forest sites; (2) the 37 islands only; and (3) 15 islands smaller than 10 ha across the BHR landscape.

<p>Coefficient estimates (β), their standard errors (SE), hierarchical partitioning (HP) of each variable, and independent power (IP) of each significant variable based on variance partition are shown. Significant variables are denoted in bold. See text for details on each variable.</p><p>Summary of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) of vertebrate species richness at (1) all 37 forest islands and three continuous forest sites; (2) the 37 islands only; and (3) 15 islands smaller than 10 ha across the BHR landscape.</p

Proportion of forest vertebrate species predicted to have gone locally extinct as a function of forest patch area modelled for all 3,546 forest islands across the Balbina Hydroelectric Reservoir landscape.

<p>Heat color gradient in the scatterplot indicates the degree of local extinctions (increasing from blue to red) and matches the histogram describing the size distribution of all islands.</p

Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination plots based on the (a) Bray-Curtis similarity matrix of vertebrate species composition and (b) the relationship between the first NMDS axis and forest patch area.

<p>Circles are sized proportionally to (log₁₀) forest patch area. Islands and continuous forest sites are shown in light and dark grey, respectively. Shaded area represents the 95% confidence region.</p

Data_Sheet_1_Impacts of landscape-scale forest loss and a dry event on the demographic structure of the endangered palm Euterpe edulis Mart. in the Atlantic Forest.docx

Forest loss is one of the most serious threats to biodiversity in the tropics and mainly occurs due to the conversion of native forests by the expansion of human activities. In addition, regional climate change is likely to adversely affect the remaining biota. These disturbances may have direct or indirect consequences on the demographic structure of plant species in human-modified landscapes. To test this hypothesis, and thus look for management practices aimed at enhancing the population viability, we used the palm species Euterpe edulis Mart. (Arecaceae) to assess the demographic structure of five ontogenetic stages prior (2014) and after (2017) a prolonged drought event (2015) that occurred in the northeastern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. We also investigated the influence of landscape forest cover on the ontogenetic demographic structure, given that forest remnants were embedded within landscapes ranging from 6 to 97% of forest amount. We revealed that forest cover was a key predictor explaining the abundance patterns of E. edulis, with all ontogenetic stages (except seedlings, immature, and adults) exhibiting lower abundance in forest remnants surrounded by lower amount of native forests. Conversely, the regional drought event unaffected the demographic structure of this palm species, which may suggest that populations of E. edulis were able to cope with an isolated, though severe, drought event. The impacts of forest loss on E. edulis demographic structure, particularly on juveniles, raises a concern about the future persistence of E. edulis populations, since the early stages represent the adult generation in the near future. Management measures, including species reintroduction, forest restoration, environmental education programmes and the enforcement of environmental laws must be encouraged to safeguard E. edulis populations in the Atlantic Forest.</p

Abundance and relative dominance of lianas.

<p>The (a) abundance, (b) relative dominance of liana saplings to tree saplings, and (c) relative dominance of mature lianas to trees ≥10 cm DBH, as a function of the amount of neighbouring forest cover. Plot-level data are plotted as circles, scaled in size by island area. In each case a binary Fire variable was used, where low-moderate burn severity (scores 1 and 2; orange circles) were collapsed into a single level and compared to severe burning (score 3; red circles). Lines are predicted values, with grey shading indicating 95% confidence intervals. Data for mainland continuous forest plots (CF; open circles) were not included in model fits but are shown here for comparison.</p

Model selection table.

<p>Model selection table of the most parsimonious model for different attributes of woody liana communities across 77 island plots, based on LMMs or GLMMs. Coefficient estimates for significant fixed effects within ‘best models’, with ‘site’ and ‘sampling area’ as random effects, are presented; <i>t</i>-values >2 or <-2 were treated as significant. AICc values and AICc weights of final models are presented. Dashes indicate lack of any significant predictors.</p