Thoughts on Changing Teaching Focus and Methods of Constitution Course in China

At present, the main problem of constitution course teaching in China lies in the unclear definition of constitution course property, resulting in dislocated teaching of this course. The teaching reform of Chinese constitution course should be started from choosing teaching focus and improving teaching methods. Civil rights can be treated as the center clue of constitution, and teaching the implementation part of constitution shall be emphasized. In addition, during the teaching process, the case teaching method and discussion teaching method shall be introduced

A Simple and Fast Method to Determine and Quantify Urinary Creatinine

A simple and fast method for the determination of urinary creatinine by high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) has been developed. The urine samples were diluted 50 fold before they were injected onto an HPCE column for analysis. with this technique, the urinary creatinine level can be determined within 4 min. The interference from urea in urine has been totally eliminated. The reproducibility and recovery of the technique have been studied and it was proven that the technique is satisfactory for quantitative determination of urine creatinine. The results obtained from this technique have been compared with results obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography, and the results from both techniques agreed quite well (correlation coefficient = 0.993). The linear range of the technique was over two orders of magnitude (0.1-11 mg/dl) which covers the creatinine concentration in human urine after 50 fold dilution. The detection limit for creatinine is 0.04 mg/dl with a signal-to-noise ratio of 3

A cloud Bayesian network approach to situation assessment of scouting underwater targets with fixed‐wing patrol aircraft

Abstract The battlefield situation changes rapidly because underwater targets' are concealment and the sea environment is uncertain. So, a great number of situation information greatly increase, which need to be dealt with in the course of scouting underwater targets. Situation assessment in sea battlefield with a lot of uncertain information is studied, and a new situation assessment method of scouting underwater targets with fixed‐wing patrol aircraft is proposed based on the cloud Bayesian network, which overcomes the deficiency of the single cloud model in reasoning ability and the defect of Bayesian network in knowledge representation. Moreover, in the method, the cloud model knowledge deal with the input data of Bayesian network reasoning, and the advantages in knowledge representation of cloud theory and reasoning of Bayesian network are applied; also, the fuzziness and stochasticity of cloud theory in knowledge expression, the reasoning ability of Bayesian network, are combined. Then, the situation assessment model of scouting underwater targets with fixed‐wing patrol aircraft is established. Hence, the directed acyclic graph of Bayesian network structure is constructed and the assessment index is determined. Next, the cloud model is used to deal with Bayesian network, and the discrete Bayesian network is obtained. Moreover, after CPT of each node and the transformation between certainty degree and probability are accomplished; the final situation level is obtained through a probability synthesis formula. Therefore, the target type and the operational intention of the other side are deduced to form the battlefield situation. Finally, simulations are carried out, and the rationality and validity of the proposed method are testified by simulation results. By this method, the battlefield situation can be gained. And this method has a wider application range, especially for large sample data processing, and it has better practicability

A Novel Atmospheric Correction for Turbid Water Remote Sensing

For the remote sensing of turbid waters, the atmospheric correction (AC) is a key issue. The “black pixel” assumption helps to solve the AC for turbid waters. It has proved to be inaccurate to regard all water pixels in the SWIR (Short Wave Infrared) band as black pixels. It is necessary to perform atmospheric correction in the visible bands after removing the radiation contributions of water in the SWIR band. Here, the modified ACZI (m-ACZI) algorithm was developed. The m-ACZI assumes the spatial homogeneity of aerosol types and employs the BPI (Black Pixel Index) and PIFs (Pseudo-Invariant Features) to identify the “black pixel”. Then, the radiation contributions of waters in the SWIR band are removed to complete the atmospheric correction for turbid waters. The results showed that the m-ACZI had better performance than the SeaDAS (SeaWiFS Data Analysis System) -SWIR and the EXP (exponential extrapolation) algorithm in the visible band (sMAPE −1) and is similar to the DSF (Dark Spectrum Fitting) algorithm in floating algae waters. The m-ACZI algorithm is suitable for turbid inland waters