(E)-1-[(2-Chloro-5-methyl­pyridin-3-yl)methyl­ene]thiosemicarbazide

The title compound, C8H9ClN4S, which has potential insecticidal activity, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-chloro-5-methyl­nicotinaldehyde and thio­semicarbazide. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯S and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network stacked down a

Analysis on the Factors that Influence the Utilization Rate of Renewable Energy in the Framework of Marxist Reproduction

Developing the renewable energy to replace traditional fossil energy is not only an essential part of sustainable development strategies of most countries all over the world, but also an important theoretical issue that draws the attention of the academic circle. On the basis of a Marxian reproduction scheme, the essay analyzes the influence of market demand, technological progress and policy promotion on the utilization rate of renewable energy and their mechanisms during the development of the renewable energy industry. A panel data set of 28 OECD countries for 34 years is constructed to examine the role of market, technology and policy on renewable energy's utilization rate. In addition, based on theoretical analysis and econometrical analysis, market, policy and technology—the three main factors will go through a thorough analysis

Overview of Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oil of Biomass

AbstractPyrolysis oil, obtained from fast pyrolysis of biomass, is a promising renewable energy source which has received widespread interests for its characteristics as combustion fuels used in boiler, engines or gas turbines and resources in chemical industries. However, the pyrolysis oil as a fuel has many unfavourable properties due to its chemical composition, making it corrosive, viscose and thermally instability. Therefore, bio-oil must be properly upgraded to produce high quality biofuel for using as transportation fuels. In this review article, various types of upgrading processes have been discussed in detail including physical refining routes, chemical refining and total pyrolysis refined routes. Finally, a new upgrading route, Physical-Chemical Refining (PCR) is proposed, which will be a very promising refining route of bio-oil

Source attack of decoy-state quantum key distribution using phase information

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from security loopholes due to imperfect devices. In fact, practical attacks have successfully been demonstrated. Fortunately, most of them only exploit detection-side loopholes which are now closed by the recent idea of measurement-device-independent QKD. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the source which may still leave QKD systems insecure. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an attack that exploits a source-side loophole existing in qubit-based QKD systems using a weak coherent state source and decoy states. Specifically, by implementing a linear-optics unambiguous-state-discrimination measurement, we show that the security of a system without phase randomization --- which is a step assumed in conventional security analyses but sometimes neglected in practice --- can be compromised. We conclude that implementing phase randomization is essential to the security of decoy-state QKD systems under current security analyses.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

[(4-Methyl­benz­yl)bis­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine-κ3 N,N′,N′′]bis­(thio­cyanato-κS)copper(II) dichloro­methane hemisolvate

The title compound, [Cu(NCS)2(C20H21N3)]·0.5CH2Cl2, crystallized with two independent complex mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, accompanied by one dichloro­methane solvent mol­ecule. Each CuII atom has a square-pyramidal geometry, being coordinated by five N atoms, three from the (4-methyl­benz­yl)bis­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine ligand and two from the thio­cyanate ligands. In the crystal, the B mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯S inter­actions, forming chains propagating along [100]

Clinical application of the paraspinal erector approach for spinal canal decompression in upper lumber burst fractures

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation is commonly used for upper lumber burst fractures. The direct decompression remains challenging with this minimally invasive surgery. The objective was to evaluate a novel paraspinal erector approach for effective and direct decompression in patients with canal compromise and neurologic deficit. METHOD: Patients (n = 21) with neurological deficiency and Denis B type upper lumbar burst fracture were enrolled in the study, including 14 cases in the L1 and 7 cases in the L2. The patients underwent removal of bone fragments from the spinal canal through intervertebral foramen followed by short-segment fixation. Evaluations included surgery-related, such as duration of surgery and blood loss, and 12-month follow-up, such as the kyphotic angle, the height ratio of the anterior edge of the vertebra, the ratio of sagittal canal compromise, visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Frankel scores. RESULTS: All patients achieved direct spinal canal decompression using the paraspinal erector approach followed by percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. The mean operation time (SD) was 173 (23) min, and the mean (SD) blood loss was 301 (104) ml. Significant improvement was noted in the kyphotic angle, 26.2 ± 8.7 prior to operation versus 9.1 ± 4.7 at 12 months after operation (p <0.05); the height ratio of the anterior edge of the injured vertebra, 60 ± 16% versus 84 ± 9% (p <0.05); and the ratio of sagittal canal compromise, 46.5 ± 11.4% versus 4.3 ± 3.6% (p <0.05). Significant improvements in VAS (7.3 ± 1.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.7, p <0.05), ODI (86.7 ± 5.8 vs. 16.7 ± 5.1, p <0.05), and Frankel scores were also noted. CONCLUSIONS: The paraspinal erector approach was effective for direct spinal canal decompression with minimal injury in the paraspinal muscles or spine. Significant improvements in spinal function and prognostics were achieved after the percutaneous pedicle screw fixation

Poly[[diaqua­bis[μ-(2,4-dichloro­phen­oxy)acetato]calcium(II)] monohydrate]

In the title coordination polymer, {[Ca(C8H5Cl2O3)2(H2O)2]·H2O}n, the CaII atom is eight-coordinated by six O atoms from four different (2,4-dichloro­phen­oxy)acetate ligands and two water mol­ecules, and displays a distorted square-anti­prismatic coordination geometry. The compound forms an infinite zigzag chain through connection of the metal centers by (2,4-dichlorphen­oxy)acetate ligands and hydrogen bonding of coordinated and inter­stitial water mol­ecules. These chains are further hydrogen bonded with neighboring chains, forming a supra­molecular network