Quantifying The Role Of Insurance In Tornado-Impacted Community Recovery: A Survey And Simulation-Based Approach

Insurance against disasters plays a critical role in community recovery by providing policyholders with reliable and timely payments for repairing or reconstructing damaged houses. By allowing homeowners to transfer risk, insurance enables homeowners to address house without experiencing significant financial burdens. Although historical events have highlighted the importance of insurance, its quantitative impact on community recovery, particularly in tornado-impacted communities, is understudied. This study focuses on advancing our understanding of whether sufficiently insured houses can have a positive impact on the recovery of tornado-impacted communities (i.e., the main research question). This paper proposes a two-stage simulation framework to quantitatively evaluate the effects of insurance on community recovery. In the first stage of the framework, we developed statistical models to estimate homeowners\u27 insurance decisions prior to a tornado event. In the second stage, we examined the effects of insurance on various aspects of community recovery. To develop empirical and statistical models regarding insurance decisions and their impacts on housing recovery, we collected data through online surveys targeting residents whose properties were damaged by the tornadoes that occurred in May 2019 in the United States. Finally, the proposed simulation framework was applied to the City of Dayton, Ohio following those May 2019 tornado events to address the main research question. The results of the simulation concluded that sufficiently insured houses can have a positive impact on community recovery and highlighted the need for effective policies and economic incentives to encourage individuals to purchase insurance

(E)-1-[(2-Chloro-5-methyl­pyridin-3-yl)methyl­ene]thiosemicarbazide

The title compound, C8H9ClN4S, which has potential insecticidal activity, was synthesized by the reaction of 2-chloro-5-methyl­nicotinaldehyde and thio­semicarbazide. In the crystal structure, the mol­ecules are linked via inter­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯S and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network stacked down a

Analysis on the Factors that Influence the Utilization Rate of Renewable Energy in the Framework of Marxist Reproduction

Developing the renewable energy to replace traditional fossil energy is not only an essential part of sustainable development strategies of most countries all over the world, but also an important theoretical issue that draws the attention of the academic circle. On the basis of a Marxian reproduction scheme, the essay analyzes the influence of market demand, technological progress and policy promotion on the utilization rate of renewable energy and their mechanisms during the development of the renewable energy industry. A panel data set of 28 OECD countries for 34 years is constructed to examine the role of market, technology and policy on renewable energy's utilization rate. In addition, based on theoretical analysis and econometrical analysis, market, policy and technology—the three main factors will go through a thorough analysis

Overview of Upgrading of Pyrolysis Oil of Biomass

AbstractPyrolysis oil, obtained from fast pyrolysis of biomass, is a promising renewable energy source which has received widespread interests for its characteristics as combustion fuels used in boiler, engines or gas turbines and resources in chemical industries. However, the pyrolysis oil as a fuel has many unfavourable properties due to its chemical composition, making it corrosive, viscose and thermally instability. Therefore, bio-oil must be properly upgraded to produce high quality biofuel for using as transportation fuels. In this review article, various types of upgrading processes have been discussed in detail including physical refining routes, chemical refining and total pyrolysis refined routes. Finally, a new upgrading route, Physical-Chemical Refining (PCR) is proposed, which will be a very promising refining route of bio-oil

Discussion and Research on Some Issues in Helium Pressure Test Technology for Dummy Sealed Source

In order to solve some problems existing in the helium pressure leak detection technology of the pseudo-sealed source and clarify the calculation formula and test method, the paper deduces the helium pressure leak detection formula of the pseudo-sealed source by using the calculation formula of leakage rate and temperature, sample size and, and high and low pressure on both sides of the leak hole under the state of molecular flow. Through the research of the derived formula, it shows the actual standard leakage rate L is characterized by double value when the indicating leakage rate R is used to calculate the actual standard leakage rate L. It is necessary to carry out crude leakage detection after fine leakage detection to eliminate the existence of large leakage holes; The calculation formula given by GB/T15849 is the simplified formula of helium pressure leak detection formula under certain conditions (t1 and t2\begin{document}$\ll$\end{document}P0V/L). Direct use will magnify the rejection point and lead to misjuded results. In this paper, the influence of pressure, pressure time and purification time on rejection points under different cavity volume and qualified leakage rate has been discussed. The results show that increasing the pressurization pressure, prolonging the pressurization time and shortening the purification time can improve the indicating helium leakage rate R, so as to improve the leak detection sensitivity. When the influence of purification time is small, the pressurization pressure and time should meet PEt1≥QP02V/L2. and the selection principle of helium pressure test conditions is provided

Source attack of decoy-state quantum key distribution using phase information

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from security loopholes due to imperfect devices. In fact, practical attacks have successfully been demonstrated. Fortunately, most of them only exploit detection-side loopholes which are now closed by the recent idea of measurement-device-independent QKD. On the other hand, little attention is paid to the source which may still leave QKD systems insecure. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an attack that exploits a source-side loophole existing in qubit-based QKD systems using a weak coherent state source and decoy states. Specifically, by implementing a linear-optics unambiguous-state-discrimination measurement, we show that the security of a system without phase randomization --- which is a step assumed in conventional security analyses but sometimes neglected in practice --- can be compromised. We conclude that implementing phase randomization is essential to the security of decoy-state QKD systems under current security analyses.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure

[(4-Methyl­benz­yl)bis­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine-κ3 N,N′,N′′]bis­(thio­cyanato-κS)copper(II) dichloro­methane hemisolvate

The title compound, [Cu(NCS)2(C20H21N3)]·0.5CH2Cl2, crystallized with two independent complex mol­ecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit, accompanied by one dichloro­methane solvent mol­ecule. Each CuII atom has a square-pyramidal geometry, being coordinated by five N atoms, three from the (4-methyl­benz­yl)bis­(pyridin-2-ylmeth­yl)amine ligand and two from the thio­cyanate ligands. In the crystal, the B mol­ecules are linked via C—H⋯S inter­actions, forming chains propagating along [100]