Clustering and Differentiation of glr-3 Gene Function and Its Homologous Proteins

In order to adapt to the low temperature environment, organisms transmitexcitement to the central system through the thermal sensing system, whichis a classic reflex reaction. The cold receptor GLR-3 perceives cold and produces cold avoidance behavior through peripheral sensory neurons ASER.In order to further understand the gene encoding of the cold sensing glr-3gene and the evolution of its homologous gene group function and proteinfunction, the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence of the glr-3gene and its homologous gene in 24 species were obtained and compared.By clustering with the GRIK2 gene sequence of Rana chensinensis, the bioinformatics method was used to predict and sequence analyze the change ofgene, evolution rate, physical and chemical properties of protein, glycosylation sites, phosphorylation sites, secondary structure and tertiary structureof protein. The analysis results show that the glr-3 gene and its homologousgene have obvious positive selection effect. The protein prediction analysisshowed that the glr-3 gene and its homologous genes encoded proteinsin these 25 species were hydrophilic proteins, and the proportion of sidechains of aliphatic amino acids was high. The transmembrane helix waswidespread and there were more N-glycosylation sites and O-glycosylationsites. The protein phosphorylation sites encoded were serine, threonine andtyrosine phosphorylation sites. Secondary structure prediction showed thatthe secondary structure units of the encoded protein were α-helix, β-turn,random coil and extended chain, and the proportion of α-helix was the largest. This study provides useful information on the evolution and function ofthe cold sensing gene glr-3 and its homologous genes

Kernel Nutrient Composition and Antioxidant Ability of Corylus spp. in China

Hazelnut (Corylus) is an important woody oil tree species in economic forests. China, as one of the original countries of native Corylus species, had 8 species and 2 varieties. However, little information is available on the hazelnut nutritional quality of these Chinese Corylus species. In this study, four main wild Corylus species (C. heterophylla Fisch., C. mandshurica Maxim., C. kweichowensis Hu., and C. yunnanensis Franch.) originating in China and one main cultivar of hybrid hazelnut (Corylus heterophylla Fisch. × C. avellana L.) cv. ‘Dawei’ from China were used to analyze the basic nutritional composition (content of oil, fatty acid, protein, saccharide, aminao acid, vitamin C, tocopherol, total phenols, and total flavonoids) and antioxidant ability. The results showed that oil content ranged from 52.97 to 60.88 g/100 g DW and highly unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) content was over 91%. Oleic was the most dominant UFA in these hazelnut kernels, and the relative content was ranging from 71.32 to 85.19%. Compared with other four hazelnut kernels, C. heterophylla Fisch. was the lowest oil content of hazelnut with lower oleic acid content and higher linoleic acid content, obviously. The total protein content ranged from 13.15 to 18.35 g/100 g DW, and all amino acids were detected as hydrate amino acids, but Tryptophan, an essential amino acid, was not detected as free amino acid in these hazelnut kernels. Kernel of C. heterophylla Fisch. was with the highest content of protein and amino acid. Saccharose was the most essential and abundant disaccharide in the hazelnut kernels. C. mandshurica Maxim. was the highest saccharide content among these hazelnut kernels. α-tocopherol was the main type of tocopherol found in the hazelnut kernels. Wild hazelnut kernels generally had higher bioactivity substance content (vitamin C, total tocopherol, total phenol and total flavonoid) and antioxidant capacity. Compared to the four wild hazelnut kernels, the hybrid hazelnut cv. ‘Dawei’ had higher content of oil, oleic acid, α-tocopherol and sugar. Overall, there were great differences in the nutritional composition of different hazelnut species. Wild species are a good source of breeding materials because of their own characteristics in nutrition composition, and the hybrid hazelnut cv. ‘Dawei’ with good quality has the value of commercial promotion

Goodpasture syndrome complicated with lung infection: a case report and literature review

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics， diagnosis and treatment of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with lung infection. Methods Clinical data of one case of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were retrospectively analyzed. Literature review was performed from PubMed， Embase， Web of Science， China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform using “Goodpasture syndrome” and “infection” as search terms from the database inception date to September 2022. Clinical manifestations and prognosis of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were summarized. Results The 51-year-old male patient， was admitted to our hospital due to elevated serum creatinine level for more than one month and blood in sputum for over 10 d. The patient had a cough of yellow-green purulent sputum. Moist rales were heard in bilateral lungs. Renal biopsy showed crescentic glomerulonephritis， and anti-glomerular basement membrane IgG antibody was weakly positive. Chest CT scan revealed multiple inflammations in both lungs. The culture of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed the phenomenon of phagocytosis. Sputum fungal smear and fluorescent staining， alveolar lavage fluid culture， next-generation sequencing （NGS） of alveolar lavage fluid indicated a variety of microbial infections. The diagnosis of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with lung infection was considered. He was discharged after receiving renal replacement， immunosuppression， and anti-infection therapies. Three months later， the patient was transferred to ICU due to “severe pneumonia， septic shock， and respiratory failure” and eventually died. A total of 27 cases of Goodpasture syndrome complicated with pulmonary infection were researched. The common pathogens of pulmonary infection were invasive pulmonary Aspergillus， Pneumocystis carinii， Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus， etc. Thirteen patients died， and 4 of them died of respiratory failure and/or respiratory infection. Conclusion Extensive attention should be diverted to the risk of infection in patients with Goodpasture syndrome， especially severe lung infection

Clinical analysis of 21 cases of primary Ewing sarcoma of the thoracic wall

Background and Purpose: Primary Ewing sarcoma of the thoracic wall (PEST) is a rare extraosseous Ewing sarcoma that occurs in the chest wall or thoracic cavity with a short survival, poor prognosis and a high rate of recurrence. Early diagnosis and treatment are the best way to prolong survival time since the cause of PEST is not clear. This study aimed to explore the clinicopathologic characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of PEST to improve clinical understanding of this disease. Methods: A total of 21 cases with PEST were treated at The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, and reviews were published from 2018 to 2023. Clinical data, pathological features, treatment and follow-up of the patients were analyzed respectively. The survival was from the start of treatment to the death of the patient or the end of the follow-up. Cumulative survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: A total of 21 cases with PEST (male/female ratio, 13:8; sites of left/right chest ratio, 6:15; median age, 20 years; mean age, 28 years; median diameter of the tumor, 8.0 cm; mean diameter of the tumor, 18.1 cm) met the inclusion criteria. 65.2% of the patients presented with the pain in the ipsilateral thoracic and abdominal area. In 47.1% of cases, the ipsilateral ribs were invaded with pleural effusion. Pathological morphology microscopy showed most tumor cells were tightly packed or lobular distribution of small blue round cells. In immunohistochemistry, CD99 and vimentin were positive in 100% and 80% cases respectively while neurogenic markers were expressed to varying degrees. EWSR1 separated signal was found by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and the EWSR1-FLI1 fusion was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS) in two cases at our hospital. Two cases received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 10 patients received chemotherapy and radiotherapy after operation, 5 cases were treated with radiotherapy only, 1 case received surgery only, and 3 cases had no surgical data. A total of 14 cases were followed up for 3-38 month while 7 cases were lost to visit. Cumulative survival correlates with age at disease. The mean survival time was 19.98 months, and the median survival time was 13.00 months. Conclusion: Young males, right chest and the mass larger than 8 cm are more often found. Most cases can be initially diagnosed using histopathology and immunohistochemical markers. FISH or NGS of the EWSR1 gene test are a highly accurate method for diagnosis. The prognosis of PEST is extremely poor, and the cumulative survival rate is negatively correlated with the age of onset. Surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main treatments for this disease

Impacts of microphysical parameterizations on banded convective system in convection-permitting simulation: a case study

The representation of cloud microphysical processes in models has always been a challenge leading to uncertainty in convective simulations. This paper evaluates the effect of cloud microphysical parameterizations on the simulation of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) through a realistic banded convection process. A series of numerical simulation experiments are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at a convection-permitting scale with a 3 km horizontal grid spacing. Specifically, four experiments considering different hydrometeor species within the WRF single-moment-microphysics schemes (WSMMPs) are conducted, and three additional sensitivity tests change the graupel particle properties. The results indicate that the significant differences in the times of convection initiation across the experiments reach 120 min, and more hydrometeor species may lead to later convection initiation. Moreover, the frozen graupel hydrometeor characteristics can appreciably alter the simulated convective morphology, even more than other hydrometeor species. When the graupel becomes smaller (such as Graupel-like), the fall speed of the graupel particles decreases. Therefore, more numerous graupel particles reside in clouds for a longer time, and experience more atmospheric diabatic heating and cooling effects. As a result, the simulated convective systems exhibit strong banded convective echo characteristics, the surface 10-m wind gust increases, and the cold pools associated with additional melting and evaporation become stronger, accelerating the propagation of the system. In contrast, larger and less abundant graupels (e.g., Hail-like) have a faster fall speed, and the atmospheric diabatic heating and cooling decrease by shortening the duration of their residence time within the clouds, resulting in a weak quasi-linear convective system, weak surface 10-m wind gust, unobvious cold pool, and slower propagation. Comparisons of the experiments further demonstrate that the fall speeds of frozen graupel particles largely impact the vertical distribution of the hydrometeors and the related microphysical processes

Strength Theory Model of Unsaturated Soils with Suction Stress Concept

A theoretical model is developed for describing the strength property of unsaturated soils. The model is able to predict conveniently the strength changes of unsaturated soils undergoing repeated changes of water content. Suction stress is adopted in the new model in order to get the sound form of effective stress for unsaturated soils. The shear strength of unsaturated soils is dependent on its soil-moisture state based on the results of shear experiments. Hence, the parameters of this model are related tightly to hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils and the strength parameters of saturated soils. The predictive curves by the new model are coincident with experimental data that underwent single drying and drying/wetting cycle paths. Hence, hysteretic effect in the strength analysis is necessary to be considered to predict the change of shear strength of unsaturated soils that underwent drying/wetting cycles. Once the new model is used to predict the change of shear strength, lots of time could be saved due to avoiding heavy and complicated strength tests of unsaturated soils. Especially, the model can be suitable to evaluate the shear strength change of unsaturated soils and the stability of slopes experienced the drying/wetting cycles