762 research outputs found
Water Quality Ecological Risk Assessment with Sedimentological Approach
The potential ecological risk index (ERI) is a useful diagnostic tool for water system assessment. It’s based on sedimentology and combined with environmental chemistry and ecotoxicology. This chapter introduces the approach, including basic theory, calculation formula, evaluation criteria, and its parameters. Using a case study, the modification of the classification of the potential ecological risk is discussed. The water quality of the Liaohe River is assessed by the potential ecological risk index with the sedimentological approach. The sediments samples were collected from 19 sites and were analyzed for seven substances (Cd, As, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Zn) to assess the potential ecological risk. According to the results, Cd was found to be the main pollutant in the Liaohe River. The consequence of the monomial potential ecological risk factor
E
r
i
(mean) of each element is ranked as: Cd (93.39%)Â >Â As (3.13%)Â >Â Cu (1.26%)Â >Â Ni (0.97%)Â >Â Pb (0.70%)Â >Â Cr (0.34%)Â >Â Zn (0.22%). The ERI results (358.35) indicate the Liaohe River poses a very high potential ecological risk
An energy stable and maximum bound principle preserving scheme for the dynamic Ginzburg-Landau equations under the temporal gauge
This paper proposes a decoupled numerical scheme of the time-dependent
Ginzburg--Landau equations under the temporal gauge. For the magnetic potential
and the order parameter, the discrete scheme adopts the second type Nedlec element and the linear element for spatial discretization,
respectively; and a linearized backward Euler method and the first order
exponential time differencing method for time discretization, respectively. The
maximum bound principle (MBP) of the order parameter and the energy dissipation
law in the discrete sense are proved. The discrete energy stability and
MBP-preservation can guarantee the stability and validity of the numerical
simulations, and further facilitate the adoption of an adaptive time-stepping
strategy, which often plays an important role in long-time simulations of
vortex dynamics, especially when the applied magnetic field is strong. An
optimal error estimate of the proposed scheme is also given. Numerical examples
verify the theoretical results of the proposed scheme and demonstrate the
vortex motions of superconductors in an external magnetic field
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