High Efficient Parallel Computation of Resonant Frequencies of Waveguide Loaded Cavities on JIAJIA Software DSM System

. A new approach of parallel implementation of FDTD method on a novel software DSM (Distributed Shared Memory) system is proposed and implemented in this paper. Computation of the resonant frequency of a waveguide loaded cavity demonstrates the effectiveness of the implementation. Two unique advantages of our approach are:(1) it is easy to parallelize sequential FDTD codes, (2) it is possible to run programs which requires a memory space larger than the main memory of a single node. Detailed parallelizing issues and performance analyses are given. Keywords: FDTD Computation, Waveguide Loaded Cavity, JIAJIA Software DSM System, Resonant Frequency 1 Introduction FDTD (Finite-difference Time-domain) method is widely used in a variety of EM (Electromagnetic) field related problems. In terms of the norms of credibility and accuracy, the computation results of FDTD are generally satisfactory. For FDTD simulation of practical EM structures, however, there exist two challenges. One is the la..

High Efficient Parallel Computation of Resonant Frequencies of Waveguide Loaded Cavities on JIAJIA Software DSMs

. A new approach of parallel implementation of FDTD method on a novel software DSM (Distributed Shared Memory) system is proposed and implemented in this paper. Computation of the resonant frequency of a waveguide loaded cavity demonstrates the effectiveness of the implementation. Two unique advantages of our approach are:(1) it is easy to parallelize sequential FDTD codes, (2) it is possible to run programs which requires a memory space larger than the main memory of a single node. Detailed parallelizing issues and performance analyses are given. Keywords: FDTD Computation, Waveguide Loaded Cavity, JIAJIA Software DSM System, Resonant Frequency 1 Introduction FDTD (Finite-difference Time-domain) method is widely used in a variety of EM (Electromagnetic) field related problems. In terms of the norms of credibility and accuracy, the computation results of FDTD are generally satisfactory. For FDTD simulation of practical EM structures, however, there exist two challenges. One is the la..

Traditional Chinese medicine residue act as a better fertilizer for improving soil aggregation and crop yields than manure

Manure application is widely considered to be an effective strategy for enhancing soil fertility and crop yields. However, concerns have been raised regarding the sustainability of these fertilizers due to the detrimental effects of salinity and toxic metals in animal manure on soil quality, especially in arid regions. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of applying sheep manure (SM) and traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) on soil quality and crop in the agricultural practices of Loess Plateau, China. TCMR and SM treatments both decelerated the soil pH decreases and enhanced soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). Application of TCMR significantly increased the large macro-aggregate fraction of the soil and improved soil aggregation compared to SM (p < 0.05), by decreasing the accumulation of Na+ and K+ as dispersing agents and increasing the content of soil organic matter (SOM) as a binding agent. Applying TCMR to the soil increased the SOM, TN, and NaOH-N content by 6.82%-8.74%, 3.65%-3.72%, and 6.02%-9.49%, respectively, compared to SM. The physiological parameters and grain yields of maize (Zea mays L) under TCMR treatments were higher than those in SM treatments, and the soil heavy metal content and pollution load index were lower. Thus, TCMR obtained better results in terms of improving soil nutrients, enhancing soil aggregation, decreasing heavy metal content, and increasing maize grain yields than SM. Applying TCMR in the field could be a judicious strategy for sustainable agriculture on the Loess Plateau and could also be extended to the similar agricultural regions

Numerical Simulation Investigation on the Windage Power Loss of a High-Speed Face Gear Drive

Reducing the energy consumption and improving the efficiency of high-speed transmission systems are increasingly common goals; the windage power loss is not negligible in these methods. In this work, the multi-reference frame (MRF) and periodic boundary conditions (PBC) based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method were adopted to investigate the windage phenomena of a single face gear with and without a shroud, and the impact of the gear speed on the windage power loss was analyzed. Furthermore, the effects on the distribution of static pressure due to the distances between the shroud and the gear body in different directions, including the outer radius direction, the inner radius direction, and the addendum direction were investigated. The results indicate that the gear speed significantly affected the windage loss, as the higher the gear speed was, the greater the windage power loss. Additionally, the shroud could effectively reduce the windage power loss, where the optimal distance from the addendum to the shroud was not the minimum distance; however, for the distances from the shroud to the inner radius and the outer radius, the smaller the distance was, the smaller the windage loss. The results can provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for reducing the windage power loss of various face gear drives

Effects of traditional Chinese medicine residue on plant growth and soil properties: a case study with maize (Zea mays L.)

Traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) is the solid substances remaining after the extraction of pharmaceutical ingredients from medicinal plant materials, which include abundant soil nutrients. However, TCMR is nearly lost as domestic garbage, which not only occupies a large amount of land but also leads to the waste of resource, as well as causing the eco-environment potential pollution. Therefore, we implemented this study to assess whether TCMR could be used as an organic fertilizer in agricultural practices for realizing waste resource utilization, improving soil fertility, and enhancing plant growth. The results showed that (1) application of TCMR could improve soil fertility, particularly in enhancing the soil contents of SOM, TN, NaOH-N, NaHCO3-P, and HNO3-K; (2) the higher application ratios of TCMR (0.8-1.0%) that increased the soil EC values would cause the risk of soil secondary salinization; (3) the lower application ratios of TCMR (0.2-0.6%) has a better positive effect on improved the maize seedlings' physiological parameters and photosynthetic performance than the higher application ratios; (4) although application of TCMR lead to the heavy metal (Cr, Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) content increased in soil, there was no ecology risk under below 0.8% application ratio, compared with the China soil risk control standards, geo-accumulation index (I-geo), and pollution load index (PLI). Thus, TCMR could potentially be used as an organic fertilizer in agricultural practices. This approach is an effective strategy not only for achieving TCMR disposal but also for realizing waste resource utilization, as well as for improving soil fertility and plant growth

Sustainable Strategies for the Agricultural Development of Shaanxi Province Based on the Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution

Heavy metal elements in farmland soil can be absorbed by crops and endanger food security. To assess the risk of heavy metal elements in farmland soil to crops in Shaanxi Province, we collected 693 soil samples and analyzed the concentrations of nine heavy metals (As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Ni). According to the National Standard (GB 15619-2018) of the People&rsquo;s Republic of China, the proportions of soil sample points in which the concentration of heavy metals was higher than the risk screening value were 2.02% (Cd), 0.29% (Cr), 0.29% (Zn), 2.31% (Cu), 1.15% (Ni), and 0.14% (Pb). The proportions of areas in which the concentration of heavy metal was higher than the background value were as follows, from largest to smallest: Zn (53.20%) &gt; Mn (49.86%) &gt; Cd (29.51%) &gt; Hg (26.77%) &gt; As (26.58%) &gt; Ni (14.95%) &gt; Cu (13.90%) &gt; Pb (6.49%) &gt; Cr (1.40%). The assessment of the risk of heavy metal exposure (geo-accumulation index (Igeo), pollution load index (PLI), and potential ecological risk index (RI)) determined that Hg was the most concerning heavy metal in the farmland soil of Shaanxi Province. Moreover, 11.56% of these areas had Hg contamination, and they were mainly distributed in the western Guanzhong region. The farmland soil in the Guanzhong region was the most contaminated, followed by the southern Shaanxi region and then the northern Shaanxi region. The main sources of heavy metal contamination causing large-scale farmland soil pollution are agricultural production activities, transportation, and air pollution caused by coal combustion in Shaanxi Province. Therefore, sustainable strategies for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution and agricultural development must be applied in different regions. Heavy metal pollution should be managed, and relevant policies should be created and enforced, such as the standardization of the use of qualified pesticides and fertilizers, improved treatment of livestock and poultry manure, development of the clean energy industry structure, and promotion of renewable energy vehicles. In terms of the high-quality development of agriculture, developing modern and local agriculture in different regions should be based on local geographical, climatic, and economic conditions

Re-utilization of Chinese medicinal herbal residues improved soil fertility and maintained maize yield under chemical fertilizer reduction

Excessive utilization of chemical fertilizers (CF) is not a sustainable agricultural development strategy due to adverse effects on soil health. In contrast, a combination of organic and mineral fertilizers has a positive effect on both soil health and productivity. Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHR) is the plant material wastes remaining after drug extraction but has not been extensively used as fertilizer. We evaluated application of CMHR to maize fields over 3 consecutive growing seasons in the presence and absence of standard CF to assess improvements in soil fertility, maize yields and sustainable development. CMHR fertilization increased soil organic matter and total N and K when mixed with chemical fertilizer at 50 and 75% the standard application rate. Soil organic matter increased by 27.0-51.4% and available -N, -P and -K levels and grain yields as well as N and P use efficiency in the presence of CMHR mixes were similar to levels obtained with chemical fertilizer only. These increases in production were due to increased leaf areas, photosynthetic rates, grain number and 1000-grain weights. The addition of CMHR to fields posed a slightly risk of toxic-metal pollution. Overall, we found that (1) CMHR can be used as an effective organic fertilizer and replace up to 50% of the amount of chemical fertilizer normally applied to fields without hampering maize grain yields and (2) CMHR application to agricultural fields is an effective recycling strategy and nutrient management practice to improve soil fertility under CF usage reduction

Assessment of heavy metal(loid)s contamination risk and grain nutritional quality in organic waste-amended soil

Studies that evaluate the human health risk of heavy metal(loid)s pollution have not been widely performed for organic waste-amended soils on the Loess Plateau of China. With this respect, we conducted a 3-year field trial to estimate the heavy metal(loid)s contamination of soil and maize, the resultant nutritional quality of maize grains and the health risk under treatments of conventional fertilizer (CF), traditional Chinese medicine residue (TCMR) and sheep manure (SM). We found that protein, amino acids and lysine in maize grains were increased by 12.3, 11.3 and 5.88 % under TCMR treatments relative to SM application, respectively. Meanwhile, this treatment reduced the levels of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Hg in soil and maize grains. All fertilization regimens resulted in greater health risks for children, with HI values ranging from 1.06 to 1.52 and CR levels for Cr and As being > 1.0 x 10(-4), especially higher in SM treatments. This presented the beneficial effect of TCMR than SM. The further investigated of toxic metal(loid)s level in SM and its application risks, based on meta-analysis and Monte Carlo simulation, indicated Cd, Hg and Pb were the most cautionary heavy metal(loid)s and contamination risk were greater on the southwest regions of China