Governance Model and Rents Allocation in Asymmetrical Power Relations: The Case of Notebook Computer Industry

International subcontracting relationships are often characterized by considerable power asymmetries. The actors in global value chain obtained different profits. Different governance dominant modes reflect different roles of countries and enterprises played in the global value chains and result in different industrial international competitiveness in the end Through a relation model of upstream and downstream nodes and a case study of notebook computer industry, the paper identified the status of actors and the market structures in different value nodes influences the rents distribution among global value chains. The leader firms in the global value chains that possess status advantages and market power account for income growing gap between developed and developing countries

PIDS: Joint Point Interaction-Dimension Search for 3D Point Cloud

The interaction and dimension of points are two important axes in designing point operators to serve hierarchical 3D models. Yet, these two axes are heterogeneous and challenging to fully explore. Existing works craft point operator under a single axis and reuse the crafted operator in all parts of 3D models. This overlooks the opportunity to better combine point interactions and dimensions by exploiting varying geometry/density of 3D point clouds. In this work, we establish PIDS, a novel paradigm to jointly explore point interactions and point dimensions to serve semantic segmentation on point cloud data. We establish a large search space to jointly consider versatile point interactions and point dimensions. This supports point operators with various geometry/density considerations. The enlarged search space with heterogeneous search components calls for a better ranking of candidate models. To achieve this, we improve the search space exploration by leveraging predictor-based Neural Architecture Search (NAS), and enhance the quality of prediction by assigning unique encoding to heterogeneous search components based on their priors. We thoroughly evaluate the networks crafted by PIDS on two semantic segmentation benchmarks, showing ~1% mIOU improvement on SemanticKITTI and S3DIS over state-of-the-art 3D models.Comment: Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. 2023: 1298-130