Influences of Pyrexia and Age on Theophylline Clearance in Young Children with Asthma

Fifty hospitalized children with asthmatic bronchitis and bronchial asthma were treated with a continuous intravenous drip infusion of aminophylline. To investigate the pharmacokinetics of theophylline in the presence of pyrexia, patients were divided into two groups based on body temperature: a pyrexia group (≥ 38°C) and a non-pyrexia group (< 38°C). Theophylline clearance was 0.064 ± 0.017 liters/kg/hr in the non-pyrexia group and 0.049 ± 0.010 liters/kg/hr in the pyrexia group. Theophylline clearance in the non-pyrexia and pyrexia groups was 0.044 ± 0.007 liters/kg/hr and 0.030 ± 0.009 liters/kg/hr (≤ 6 months), 0.071 ± 0.011 liters/kg/hr and 0.047 ± 0.008 liters/kg/hr (6 to ≤ 12 months), 0.084 ± 0.012 liters/kg/hr and 0.055 ± 0.006 liters/ kg/hr (1 to ≤ 2 years), and 0.065 ± 0.007 liters/kg/hr and 0.051 ± 0.001 liters/kg/hr (2 to ≤ 3 years), respectively. In all age groups, theophylline clearance of the pyrexia group was significantly less than that of the non-pyrexia group (p < 0.01), showing that there was a significant pharmacokinetic difference in theophylline clearance between the groups. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that theophylline clearance was affected by pyrexia and age. This study showed that the presence of pyrexia decreases theophylline clearance, and that it affects theophylline clearance in an age-dependent manner. Based on the results of this study, dosages should be designed based on the clearance at the time of pyrexia

RENAL TRANSPLANTATION IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION

There is mounting evidence that chronic kidney disease is a major contributor to severe cardiac damage. Although renal transplantation (RT) is an effective strategy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), the effects on cardiac function remain unclear. This study determined the effects of RT on left ventricular (LV) morphology and function in a retrospective longitudinal analysis of echocardiographic data collected in RT (n=17) and maintenance hemodialysis (HD ; n=19) groups from 2003 to 2008.Echocardiographic data obtained within 6 months and at over 3 years were compared with the data before transplantation. Improved blood pressure and anemia were observed with RT, but not HD. In contrast to the HD group, the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) in the RT group was decreased from 195.2 ± 52.1 to 162.5 ± 30.8 g/m2 ( p<0.05). In addition, the LV ejection fraction was improved in the RT group from 63.0 ± 17.1% to 79.5 ± 3.3% ( p<0.01), but not in the HD group. The rate of reduction of LVMI in the RT group was greater in patients with good control of hemoglobin.In conclusion, RT has beneficial effects on LV hypertrophy and function, as well as on ESRD