Histerektomija mliječne krave s produljenom maceracijom ploda - prikaz slučaja

A Simmental dairy cattle, aged seven years old, was presented with a history of foul smelling discharge from the external genitalia. According to the history, during the latest parturition the foetus had died in the uterus and was partially removed, but parts of the foetus had remained in the uterus for the following fourteen months. Gynaecological examination confirmed an open cervix. Trans-rectal palpation and ultrasound examination revealed extension, thickening and tension of the uterine wall and the presence of putrid parts of the foetus in the uterus. Attempts to remove the foetus by prostaglandin injections were futile, hence left side low flank hysterotomy was performed under cranial epidural anaesthesia and local infiltration anaesthesia. The foetal bones were removed and the other pathological contents were also removed. The cow gained weight and could subsequently be sent for slaughter. It was concluded that left flank hysterotomy can be useful for removal of macerated foetus from cows.Istražena je simentalska mliječna krava, u dobi od sedam godina, kod koje je u anamnezi istaknut iscjedak neugodna mirisa iz stidnice. Za vrijeme posljednjeg teljenja plod je uginuo u maternici i djelomično je uklonjen, dok su preostali njegovi dijelovi ostali u maternici sljedećih 14 mjeseci. Ginekološkim pregledom potvrđen je otvoren cerviks. Transrektalnom palpacijom i ultrazvukom otkriveno je opsežno proširenje, zadebljanje i napetost maternice te prisutnost raspadnutih dijelova ploda. Pokušaj vađenja ploda injekcijom prostaglandina bio je neuspješan stoga se histerektomija radila nisko na lijevom boku pod kranijalnom epiduralnom anestezijom i lokalnom infiltrirajućom anestezijom. Uklonjene su kosti ploda kao i preostali patološki sadržaj. Nakon zahvata, krava je dobila na tjelesnoj masi te je mogla biti upućena u klaonicu sa svrhom ekonomskog iskorištenja. Zaključeno je da histerektomija na lijevom boku može biti korisna pri uklanjanju maceriranih plodova kod krava

The effect of atonic uterus treatment on metritis, reproduction, removal, and milk yield in Holstein cows

The study aimed to determine the effects of medical treatment of postpartum uterus pathologies on uterine health, and the reproductive and productive performance of dairy cows during the lactation period. In total, 206 cows were examined to monitor the uterus involution process at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days in milk (DIM). Cows with retained placenta were treated with carbetocin and cows with uterus atony were treated with PGF2α. Cows with puerperal metritis received ceftiofur hydrochloride. All of the dairy cows with proven uterine health were then enrolled in a synchronization protocol with artificial insemination. Intercalving interval, service period, insemination index, milk yield per lactation (kg), average milk protein and fat per lactation, parity (heifers/cows), and culling rate were analyzed. The statistical analysis revealed only a weak trend (P = 0.07) of association between the retained placenta and the inter-calving interval. The odds of having a decrease in daily milk yield in cows without metritis were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99) times the odds of cows with metritis. Thus, the metritis was associated with a reduction (P < 0.05) in milk yield of 0.92 kg/cow per day and a total of 281 kg in the 305 days of lactation. Reproductive and productive variables like service period, insemination index, milk protein and fat, and culling rate were not associated with uterus disorders. In conclusion, intensive monitoring and care of the reproduction health of dairy cows early after calving can decrease the risk of economic losses

Antibacterial activity, quality and stability study of creams with new potential silver(I) complexes and in vivo case report

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, quality and stability of creams (at 1 % concentration) prepared with synthesized silver(I) complexes: [Ag(Nam)2]NO3·H2O (AgNam), [Ag2(HGly)2]n(NO3)2n (AgGly) (Nam– nicotinamide, Gly – glycine) and silver(I) sulfadiazine (AgSD), which is commercially available. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and in in vivo case. The pure silver(I) complexes as well as all three tested creams loaded with AgGly, AgSD and AgNam showed antibacterial potential. Moreover, the creams loaded with AgGly and AgNam showed higher antibacterial effects against S. aureus and B. subtilis than the cream loaded with AgSD. In terms of appearance, all cream samples were opaque and odourless, and no phase separation was observed. Creams were soluble in water (o/w emulsions) and they had a pseudoplastic behaviour. The pH of the creams was in the range of 4.87–5.75. No visible changes were observed in the case of commercially used AgSD cream during one month testing period at conditions –16 ± 1 °C; 6 ± 1 °C and 56 % relative humidity; 20 ± 1 °C and 58 % relative humidity and 40 ± 1 °C and 75 % relative humidity. However, creams containing AgGly and AgNam changed their colour depending on the tested conditions

Effects of Intravenous Glucose on Blood Potassium in Cattle

The aim of this study was to confirm whether a rapid intravenous glucose administration can lead to a significant drop in blood potassium levels in cattle. For this study, seven cattle were used according to internationally recognized guidelines for animal welfare. Glucose at a dose of 1 g.kg−1 body weight was administrated intravenously and then blood samples were taken before and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after administration of glucose for measurement of potassium and glucose blood concentrations. For statistical analysis of glucose effects on both glucose and potassium levels one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was used. ANOVA showed a strong significant effect of the glucose administration on plasma glucose levels (P < 0.001). The glucose administration resulted in a mean plasma increase from 4.2 mmol.l−1 to 21.2 mmol.l−1 within the first minutes after the administration followed by a steady decrease back to the initial values. In contrast, ANOVA showed no significant effect of the glucose administration on plasma potassium levels. In conclusion, the glucose does not have a potassium-lowering effect when administered in a single large intravenous dose

Assessment of two different methods for sampling and detection of Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum in dairy cows in Eastern Slovakia

The aim of our study was to find the most appropriate way of sample collection from cattle feet as well as to assess simple and effective sample processing, including DNA extraction for reliable diagnosis of bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum. 11 clinically healthy cows were included in the study, from which swabbing samples (2 types: surface swab and deep swab) were taken. Two isolation methods were used for DNA extraction: 1. freezing and boiling the samples, 2. commercial kit (Roche). PCR analysis of the samples has not shown any variations in the detection ratio of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum at different swabbing methods. The highest sensitivity of the detection of both bacteria was reached with a cultivation of samples in AB with subsequent extraction of DNA with freezing and boiling. The cultivation in anaerobic broth resulted in the detection rate of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum in over 95% and 27%, respectively. To conclude, the simple ‘surface’ swab is sufficient to detect studied pathogens, the most appropriate method of DNA extraction has proven to be freezing and boiling of the sample

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The Presence of Treponema spp. in Equine Hoof Canker Biopsies and Skin Samples from Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

Equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis are infectious inflammatory diseases of the hooves with an unknown etiology. However, anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Treponema are considered to be potential etiological agents. The aim of this study was to find a suitable way to isolate DNA and to detect the presence of treponemal DNA in samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. DNAzol®® Direct and column kits were used to isolate DNA from samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. The presence of Treponema spp. was detected using PCR and Sanger sequencing. DNAzol®® Direct is suitable for isolating DNA from these types of samples. Treponemal DNA was detected in equine hoof samples as well as in bovine digital dermatitis skin samples. In equine hoof biopsies, the most frequently detected was Treponema pedis (8/13). Treponema brennaborense (2/13) and Treponema denticola (2/13) were also found. In the case of bovine digital dermatitis, Treponema medium ssp. bovis was confirmed in 14 of 36 skin samples. Treponema pedis (9/36), Treponema vincentii (1/36), Treponema phagedenis (1/36), and Treponema brennaborense (1/36) were detected as well. DNAzol®® Direct was more appropriate for isolation of treponemal DNA because the columns isolation method was more equipment and time-consuming. The presence of several Treponema spp. was determined in the samples. In horses, the most commonly detected species was a T. pedis, while in cattle it was T. medium ssp. bovis

The Presence of <i>Treponema</i> spp. in Equine Hoof Canker Biopsies and Skin Samples from Bovine Digital Dermatitis Lesions

Equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis are infectious inflammatory diseases of the hooves with an unknown etiology. However, anaerobic spirochetes of the genus Treponema are considered to be potential etiological agents. The aim of this study was to find a suitable way to isolate DNA and to detect the presence of treponemal DNA in samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. DNAzol®® Direct and column kits were used to isolate DNA from samples of equine hoof canker and bovine digital dermatitis. The presence of Treponema spp. was detected using PCR and Sanger sequencing. DNAzol®® Direct is suitable for isolating DNA from these types of samples. Treponemal DNA was detected in equine hoof samples as well as in bovine digital dermatitis skin samples. In equine hoof biopsies, the most frequently detected was Treponema pedis (8/13). Treponema brennaborense (2/13) and Treponema denticola (2/13) were also found. In the case of bovine digital dermatitis, Treponema medium ssp. bovis was confirmed in 14 of 36 skin samples. Treponema pedis (9/36), Treponema vincentii (1/36), Treponema phagedenis (1/36), and Treponema brennaborense (1/36) were detected as well. DNAzol®® Direct was more appropriate for isolation of treponemal DNA because the columns isolation method was more equipment and time-consuming. The presence of several Treponema spp. was determined in the samples. In horses, the most commonly detected species was a T. pedis, while in cattle it was T. medium ssp. bovis

Antibacterial activity, quality and stability study of creams with new potential silver(I) complexes and in vivo case report

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity, quality and stability of creams (at 1 % concentration) prepared with synthesized silver(I) complexes: [Ag(Nam)2]NO3·H2O ( AgNam), [Ag2(HGly)2]n(NO3)2n (AgGly) (Nam – nicotin-amide, Gly – glycine) and silver(I) sulfadiazine (AgSD), which is commercially available. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well diffusion method and in in vivo case. The pure silver(I) complexes as well as all three tested creams loaded with AgGly, AgSD and AgNam showed antibacterial potential. Moreover, the creams loaded with AgGly and AgNam showed higher antibacterial effects against S. aureus and B. subtilis than the cream loaded with AgSD. In terms of appearance, all cream samples were opaque and odourless, and no phase separation was observed. Creams were soluble in water (o/w emulsions) and they had a pseudoplastic behaviour. The pH of the creams was in the range of 4.87–5.75. No visible changes were observed in the case of commercially used AgSD cream during one month testing period at conditions –16 ± 1 °C; 6 ± 1 °C and 56 % relative humidity; 20 ± 1 °C and 58 % relative humidity and 40 ± 1 °C and 75 % relative humidity. However, creams containing AgGly and AgNam changed their colour depending on the tested conditions

Prevalence of Dichelobacter nodosus and Fusobacterium necrophorum on dairy farms in Slovakia

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria Dichelobacter nodosus (D. nodosus) and Fusobacterium necrophorum (F. necrophorum) in non-lame dairy cows on eight Slovak dairy herds. In total, 1,631 Holstein Friesian dairy cows were included in the study. Information of the cows was collected from on-farm software included cow ID, lactation number (heifer/cow), year milk yield (kg), and DIM on collection date. The PCR method detected D. nodosus and F. necrophorum on the feet of 1,394 (85.5%) and 373 (22.1%) dairy cows, respectively (p < 0.05). No dairy farm could be found without positive samples for D. nodosus and the majority of the farms were free or had very low prevalence of F. necrophorum (0–9.1%). Statistical difference for the prevalence of D. nodosus and F. necrophorum in different Slovak regions was detected for both strains. Logistic regression revealed an association between both D. nodosus and F. necrophorum identification and annual milk production (odds ratios = 0.69 and 0.32, respectively). Our data demonstrates that D. nodosus is present on the feet of almost every dairy cow what means a potential risk for cattle to develop foot rot. Furthermore, both bacteria are associated with decreased annual milk production