The use of religious metaphors by UK newspapers to describe and denigrate climate change

British newspapers have denigrated anthropogenic climate change by misrepresenting scientific consensus and/or framing climate change within unsympathetic discourses. One aspect of the latter that has not been studied is the use of metaphor to disparage climate change science and proponents. This article analyses 122 British newspaper articles published using a religious metaphor between summer 2003 and 2008. Most were critical of climate change, especially articles in conservative newspapers The Daily Telegraph, Daily Mail and The Times. Articles used religion as a source of metaphor to denigrate climate change in two ways: (1) undermining its scientific status by presenting it as irrational faith-based religion, and proponents as religious extremists intolerant of criticism; (2) mocking climate change using notions of sin, e.g. describing ‘green’ behaviours as atonement or sacrifice. We argue that the religious metaphor damages constructive debate by emphasizing morality and how climate change is discussed, and detracting attention from the content of scientific data and theories

Thigh-length compression stockings and DVT after stroke

Controversy exists as to whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves survival in patients with invasive bladder cancer, despite randomised controlled trials of more than 3000 patients. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of such treatment on survival in patients with this disease

A prática da hidroginástica como tratamento complementar para pacientes com transtorno de ansiedade The practice of hydrogymnastics as a complementary treatment for patients with anxiety disorders

OBJETIVO: Analisar a efetividade da hidroginástica, como auxiliar terapêutico à redução do nível de ansiedade, em mulheres diagnosticadas com transtorno de ansiedade. MÉTODOS: Este ensaio clínico teve a participação de pacientes com ansiedade, sendo a depressão a comorbidade existente, do programa de Residência Médica em Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário de Maringá, todas em tratamento com medicamentos (n = 16: grupo experimental = 8; grupo-controle = 8). O experimento foi realizado na piscina aquecida do Departamento de Educação Física da Universidade Estadual de Maringá. O delineamento do estudo foi elaborado com duas sessões de hidroginástica por semana, durante 12 semanas. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck (BAI) e o Perfil de Estado de Humor (POMS). Para análise estatística, foram utilizados o teste de Friedman, o Teste de Wilcoxon, o Teste de Mann-Whitney e Comparações Múltiplas, adotando significância em 5%. RESULTADOS: Os escores do transtorno de ansiedade tiveram redução no grupo experimental, após 12 semanas de intervenção (19,12 ± 3,12 para 8,37 ± 4,60 pontos, P = 0,0005*), e no grupo-controle (17,87 ± 14,32 para 12,12 ± 9,58 pontos, P = 0,254). Para o perfil do estado de humor, o grupo experimental evidenciou perfil de saúde mental positiva, enquanto o grupo-controle demonstrou perfil negativo de estado de humor. CONCLUSÕES: Portanto, as pacientes do grupo experimental evidenciaram significativa redução do nível de ansiedade em relação às pacientes do grupo-controle, que utilizaram apenas o tratamento convencional com medicamentos. Para o perfil do estado de humor, foram encontradas alterações no decorrer do estudo; o grupo-controle experimentou alteração negativa de humor durante o ensaio clínico, enquanto os pacientes do grupo experimental evidenciaram perfil positivo de estado de humor com redução da tensão, depressão, raiva, confusão e aumento do vigor.<br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of hydrogymnastics as a therapeutic method to the reduction of anxiety in females diagnosed with anxiety disorder. METHODS: This clinical survey had as participants, patients with anxiety, being the depression the existent comorbidade, from Psychiatry Media Residence Program of the Academical Hospital of Maringá, all had medical treatment (n = 16: experimental group = 8; control group = 8). The experiment was accomplished in the warm swimming pool of the Department of Physical Education of the State University of Maringá. The design of the study was developed with two hydrogymnastics sessions per week, during 12 weeks. The instruments used in the data collection were: Beck's Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS). As to statistics analysis the Friedman test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test and Multiple Comparisons were used, with a significance of 5%. RESULTS: Results show that anxiety disorder scores decreased in the experimental group after 12 weeks of intervention (19.12 ± 3.12 to 8.37 ± 4.60, P = 0.0005*) and control group (17.87 ± 14.32 to 12.12 ± 9.58, P = 0.254). As for mood state profile experimental group evidenced a positive mental health profile, while control group showed a negative mood state profile. CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that patients from experimental group evidenced significant reduction in anxiety level in relation to control group patients whom used only the conventional medicine treatment. For mood state profile changes were found throughout the study, being that control group experimented negative mood changes during the clinical survey while experimental group patients evidenced positive mood state profile with reduction on tension, depression, anger confusion and enhancement on vigor