Spinal manipulation or mobilization for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy : a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis into the effects of spinal manipulation or mobilization for Lumbar Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy (LDHR). Methods: An electronic database search of titles and abstracts of articles published in English will be conducted in the following databases: PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Library. The specific search strategies will be dependent on the particular database being searched and hand searches of the reference lists of the included articles will also be performed. Studies will be included if they reported an acceptable comparison group, and also reported at least one of the main clinically relevant outcome measures for LDHR. Two independent reviewers will screen the identified records, and all disagreements will be resolved. The internal and external validities of the included studies will be assessed using the PEDro scale and the External Validity Assessment Tool (EVAT) respectively. The clinical relevance and risk of bias of the studies will be determined using the 5-Criteria developed by the Cochrane Back Review Group and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool respectively. Studies will be pooled into meta-analysis where appropriate using RevMan software and the outcomes will be reported using the PRISMA guidelines. Discussion: This review will summarize the current evidence about the effects of spinal manipulation or mobilization compared with other interventions in the management of individuals with Lumbar Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy (LDHR). A meta-analysis will also be conducted where appropriate in this review to compare the effects of spinal manipulation or mobilization with other interventions with a view to finding out which technique is better in the management of individuals with LDHR. Review Registration: This review has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42019131292). Keywords: Spinal manipulation; spinal mobilization; lumbar disc herniation; systematic review; meta-analysi

Analysis on Band Layer Design and J-V characteristics of Zinc Oxide Based Junction Field Effect Transistor

This paper presents the band gap design and J-V characteristic curve of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) based on Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET). The physical properties for analysis of semiconductor field effect transistor play a vital role in semiconductor measurements to obtain the high-performance devices. The main objective of this research is to design and analyse the band diagram design of semiconductor materials which are used for high performance junction field effect transistor. In this paper, the fundamental theory of semiconductors, the electrical properties analysis and bandgap design of materials for junction field effect transistor are described. Firstly, the energy bandgaps are performed based on the existing mathematical equations and the required parameters depending on the specified semiconductor material. Secondly, the J-V characteristic curves of semiconductor material are discussed in this paper. In order to achieve the current-voltage characteristic for specific junction field effect transistor, numerical values of each parameter which are included in analysis are defined and then these resultant values are predicted for the performance of junction field effect transistors. The computerized analyses have also mentioned in this paper

Formulation and Evaluation of Bioadhesive Cyproheptadine Tablets

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of formulation variables on the bioadhesion and release properties of bioadhesive cyproheptadine hydrochloride tablets.Methods: Screening of polymers - hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, (HPMC), sodium carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC), and Carbopol 974p and 934p - in solution form were carried out by shear stress and detachment force measurement,based on Taguchi model, in order to determine their bioadhesion properties. Central composite design (CCD) was applied to optimize the combined effects of the polymers on release rate constant (K), diffusion coefficient (n), regression coefficient (R2) and detachment force of a sustained release tablet formulation of cyproheptadine hydrochloride containing also a prompt dose of the drug.Results: The shear stress of 3 % solution of HPMC was greater than that of an equivalent concentration of Carbopol 934P. The values of K, n, R2 and detachment force for the optimized formulation (F0) were 0.269, 0.696, 0.964 and 0.066 Newton (N), respectively, and showed good correlation with the predicted values, thus confirming the practicability and validity of the model.Conclusion: Gastric retention time can be increased for cyproheptadine hydrochloride by formulating it as a bioadhesive tablet that enhances the retention of the dosage form in the stomach and hence gastric absorption of the drug.Keywords: Cyproheptadine hydrochloride, Bioadhesive core tablet, Detachment force, Taguchi design, Central composite desig

Breeding potential of the basmati rice germplasm under water stress condition

Eight parents were selected on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic screening for the development of F1. All the possible combinations were made between the parents excluding reciprocals in diallel mating design. Data were analyzed by using Hayman graphical approach and Griffing’s approach to study the genetics of the parents and their F1 hybrids. Based on the genetic component analysis, both additive and non-additive components appeared which is important in the inheritance of most of the traits. Both additive and dominance type of gene action were found important in inheritance for different traits under study. Most of the traits showed constant gene action in both environments, but the gene action of some traits was affected by the environment. Morphological traits like plant height, productive tillers per plant and 1000 seed weight showed over dominance type of gene action in both environments (control and drought environments), while seeds per panicle and seed length width ratio showed this type of gene action only in drought conditions. The seeds per panicle and length width ratio showed additive type of gene action with partial dominance only in normal irrigation conditions. From Griffing analysis, genotypes CB-17, CB-32 and Basmati-198 were found to be good general combiners for productive tillers per plant, primary branches per panicle and yield per plant, especially under water stress condition. Also, maximum specific combining ability was found in Basmati-198 × CB-17 for productive tillers per plant, Basmati-198 × CB-42 for primary branches per panicle and CB-32 × CB-14 for yield per plant.Key words: Oryza sativa L., gene action, combining ability, stress, yield traits

STABILITAS WARNA RESIN KOMPOSIT NAN OFILLER YANG DIPOLES DENGAN POLISHING LIQUID DAN POLISHING BRUSH (Penelitian Eksperimental Laboratoris)

Kebocoran tepi seringkali menjadi faktor penyebab kegagalan restora~i kavitas kelas V. Salah satu cara meminRestorasi resin komposit saat ini memberikan kepuasan estetik dan memberikan hasil yang alami dengan penggunaan filler berukuran kecil nanoparticle, variasi warna dan teknik restorasi yang baru berkembang seperti teknik layering. Diskolorasi bahan resin sewarna gigi dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor intrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Kegagalan estetik merupakan salah satu alasan penggantian suatu restorasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 13 sampel resin komposit. Kelompok A, terdiri dari 5 buah sampel yang diaplikasikan dengan polishing liquid material (Biscover LV). Kelompok B terdiri dari 5 buah sampel yang dipoles dengan polishing brush (Occlubrush) dan Kelompok C terdiri dari 3 buah sampel sebagai kontrol dan hanya dipoles dengan polishing disc (OptiDisc). Sampel di rendam dalam saliva buatan dengan suhu 37°C selama 24 jam. Warna asli restorasi di ukur dan di rekam sebelum direndam ke dalam bahan pewarna dengan menggunakan Vita Easyshade Spectrophotometersebanyak tiga kali pengukuran. Setelah itu semua sampel direndam pada 100 mllarutan kopi pad a suhu 37°C selama 48 jam dan diukur kembali dengan menggunakan Vita Easyshade Spectrophotometer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna antara stabilitas warna permukaan resin komposit nanofiller sebelum dan sesudah perendaman ke dalam larutan Nescafe Classic selama 48 jam dengan suhu 37°C, yang dipoles dengan menggunakan OccluBrush (

Drone-Based Cattle Detection Using Deep Neural Networks

© 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Cattle form an important source of farming in many countries. In literature, several attempts have been conducted to detect farm animals for different applications and purposes. However, these approaches have been based on detecting animals from images captured from ground level and most approaches use traditional machine learning approaches for their automated detection. In this modern era, Drones facilitate accessing images in challenging environments and scanning large-scale areas with minimum time, which enables many new applications to be established. Considering the fact that drones typically are flown at high altitude to facilitate coverage of large areas within a short time, the captured object size tend to be small and hence this significantly challenges the possible use of traditional machine learning algorithms for object detection. This research proposes a novel methodology to detect cattle in farms established in desert areas using Deep Neural Networks. We propose to detect animals based on a ‘group-of-animals’ concept and associated features in which different group sizes and animal density distribution are used. Two state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures, SSD-500 and YOLO V-3, are effectively configured, trained and used for the purpose and their performance efficiencies are compared. The results demonstrate the capability of the two generated CNN models to detect groups-of-animals in which the highest accuracy recorded was when using SSD-500 giving a F-score of 0.93, accuracy of 0.89 and mAP rate of 84.7

Mapping the Learning Pathways of Larval Zebrafish through Positively Stimulating Their Reward Pathways Using Paramecium

Zebrafish rely on visual acuity to hunt for prey all of their lives, for this reason, their eyesight develops when they are embryos. The zebrafish in this experiment are between 5 and 20 days old. Once their egg yolks are completely reabsorbed the zebrafish have a need to eat, and only then will they have an interest in eating Paramecium. The zebrafishes’ eyes will be able to see clearly by 5 days post fertilization as well, so when food is introduced to them, a certain colored light will be simultaneously shined in the same direction as the one the food is coming from. The purpose of this experiment is to use different colored visual cues to train larval zebrafish into expecting food whenever they are shone. The usage of lights also tests their extraordinary visual abilities. Red lights will be associated with a food reward in one group of larvae, and in the second group, green lights will be associated with a food reward, demonstrating associative learning. The zebrafishes’ unconditioned response (eating Paramecium when they appear) will be trained into a conditioned response (looking to eat Paramecium when the light is shined). After they have been conditioned to respond to these signals, the zebrafishes’ brains will be studied to find changes in their neural pathways. The expected results of this experiment should lead to the fish thinking Paramecium are coming at just the glimpse of a light

Healing Rate and Post-obturation Pain of Single-versus Multiple-visit Endodontic Treatment for Infected Root Canals: A Systematic Review

Abstract Introduction: The choice of single-versus multiple-visit root canal treatment for infected teeth is in dispute. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare the healing rate and post-obturation pain of single-versus multiple-visit root canal treatment for teeth with infected root canals. Methods: An exhaustive literature search combined with specified inclusion criteria was performed to identify randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials (RCTs or quasi-RCTs), comparing root canal treatment in single and multiple appointments (2 or more visits) in patients with infected root canals. Results: Ten RCTs were identified and included in this review. Of these, 6 compared the healing rate and 5 compared the prevalence of post-obturation pain in single-and multiple-visit root canal treatment on teeth with infected root canals. No significant difference was observed in the healing rate between single-versus multiple-visit root canal treatment, as well as the incidence of medium-term post-obturation pain. As to the short-term follow up, the prevalence of postobturation pain was significantly lower in single-visit than in multiple-visit group. Conclusions: On the basis of current studies, the healing rate of single-and multiple-visit root canal treatment is similar for infected teeth. Patients experience less frequency of short-term post-obturation pain after single-visit than those having multiple-visit root canal treatment. (J Endod 2010;-:1-8