13 research outputs found
A Framework for Quality Management of University Educational Information: A Review Study
Inertial interaction effects analysis on the estimating of dynamic amplification factor for reinforced concrete structures
Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice
DW-ZCC code based on SAC–OCDMA deploying multi-wavelength laser source for wireless optical networks
Effects of Lipoxin A4 Pretreatment on Cognitive Function of Aged Rats after Global Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion
Evaluation of plant-mediated Silver nanoparticles synthesis and its application in postharvest Physiology of cut Flowers
Rapid authentication of the precious herb saffron by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequence
Expansion of female sex organs in response to prolonged virginity in Cannabis sativa (marijuana)
Current challenges in clinical target volume definition: tumour margins and microscopic extensions
Determination of optimal clinical target volume (CTV) margins around gross tumour volume (GTV) for modern radiotherapy techniques, requiring more precise target definitions, is controversial and complex. Tumour localisation has been greatly improved using molecular imaging integrated with conventional imaging techniques. However, the exact incidence and extent of microscopic disease, to be encompassed by CTV, cannot be visualised by any techniques developed to date and remain uncertain. As a result, the CTV is generally determined by clinicians based on their experience and patients’ histopathological data. In this article we review histopathological studies addressing the extent of subclinical disease and its possible correlation with tumour characteristics in various tumour sites. The data have been tabulated to facilitate a comparison between proposed margins by different investigations and with current margins generally accepted for each tumour site. It is concluded that there is a need for further studies to reach a consensus on the optimal CTV pertaining to each tumour site.Leyla Moghaddasi, Eva Bezak & Loredana G. Marc