The Yasui operation: A single institutional experience over 30 yearsCentral MessagePerspective

Objective: The Yasui operation was introduced in 1987 for patients with 2 adequate ventricles, a ventricular septal defect, and aortic atresia or interrupted aortic arch. Despite promising early outcomes, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) remains a long-term concern. The purpose of this study is to report our institutional experience with the Yasui operation. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients undergoing the Yasui operation between 1989 and 2021. Results are reported as median with interquartile range (IQR). Results: Twenty-five patients underwent a Yasui operation (19 primary), at 11 days (IQR, 7-218 days) of life and weight of 3 kg (IQR, 2.8-4.1 days). Fundamental diagnosis was ventricular septal defect/interrupted aortic arch in 11 patients and ventricular septal defect/aortic atresia in 14. Follow-up was 96% (24 out of 25) at 5 years (IQR, 1.4-14.7) with 92% survival. Freedom from LVOTO reoperation was 91% at late follow-up with 2 patients requiring baffle revision at 6 and 9 years. Latest echocardiogram showed 100% of patients had normal biventricular function and 87% (20 out of 23) less than mild LVOTO at 5 years (IQR, 2.3-14.9). Diagnosis, aortic valve morphology, and material used were not predictors of LVOTO. Freedom from right ventricle-to-pulmonary artery conduit reoperation was 48% at a median of 5 years (IQR, 1.4-14.7). Conduit type was not a predictor of reintervention. Conclusions: The Yasui operation can be performed with low morbidity and mortality in patients with 2 acceptable-size ventricles and aortic atresia or interrupted aortic arch with severe LVOTO. Despite some burden of reoperation, midterm reoperation for LVOTO is not common and ventricular function is preserved

Additive effects of three auxins and copper on sorghum in vitro root induction

A healthy root system is vital for tissue culture plantlet survival and rapid adaptation from the in vitro microenvironment to glasshouse conditions. Optimization of the root induction medium is an effective way to promote root induction and elongation. Levels of three auxins (alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid [NAA], 3-indoleacetic acid [IAA], and 3-indolebutyric acid [IBA]) and copper sulfate (CuSO4) have been investigated in a series of experiments with a sorghum inbred line, Tx430. Significant improvement in root proliferation and shoot growth were observed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mu mol/L CuSO4, 1 mg/L NAA, 1 mg/L IAA, and 1 mg/L IBA. On average, one explant (the original in vitro-derived shoot) of Tx430 regenerated 56.7 roots, which was 20-fold higher on the optimal medium than on MS control medium. Another tested genotype SA281 showed similar response patterns as Tx430 across media. In addition, 100% of Tx430 and SA281 plantlets originating from the optimized root induction medium all survived after being transferred to potting soil in the glasshouse. The results demonstrate that a combination of auxins (NAA, IAA, and IBA) and CuSO4 together at optimal concentrations provide additive effects on promoting root proliferation and explant growth of in vitro sorghum in root induction medium, and subsequently resulted in 100% survival rate of plantlets ex tissue culture. Compared with two published and frequently used root induction media, the optimized medium significantly enhanced root induction and plantlet growth

Spectroscopic methods for the identification of sesquiterpene lactones

The most widely used spectroscopic methods for the identification ofsesquiterpene lactones are discussed. The most distinctive and characteristic signals in the UV, IR, MS, 1H-MNR and 13C-NMR spectra are discussed. In addition, some examples of the application of these techniques for the structure elucidation of some representative sesquiterpene lactones with different skeletal types are presented.Fil: Sülsen, Valeria Patricia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco; ArgentinaFil: Donadel, Osvaldo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química. Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química; ArgentinaFil: Catalan, Cesar Atilio Nazareno. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Química del Noroeste. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia. Instituto de Química del Noroeste; Argentin