77 research outputs found
Emerging evidence of a link between the polycystins and the mTOR pathways
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a genetic disease characterized by the formation of renal cysts. This disease can be caused by mutations in two genes, PKD1 and PKD2, which encode polycystin-1 (PC-1) and -2 (PC-2), respectively
The Lysosome and Intracellular Signalling.
In addition to being the terminal degradative compartment of the cell's endocytic and autophagic pathways, the lysosome is a multifunctional signalling hub integrating the cell's response to nutrient status and growth factor/hormone signalling. The cytosolic surface of the limiting membrane of the lysosome is the site of activation of the multiprotein complex mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which phosphorylates numerous cell growth-related substrates, including transcription factor EB (TFEB). Under conditions in which mTORC1 is inhibited including starvation, TFEB becomes dephosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus where it functions as a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis. The signalling role of lysosomes is not limited to this pathway. They act as an intracellular Ca2+ store, which can release Ca2+ into the cytosol for both local effects on membrane fusion and pleiotropic effects within the cell. The relationship and crosstalk between the lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ stores play a role in shaping intracellular Ca2+ signalling. Lysosomes also perform other signalling functions, which are discussed. Current views of the lysosomal compartment recognize its dynamic nature. It includes endolysosomes, autolysosome and storage lysosomes that are constantly engaged in fusion/fission events and lysosome regeneration. How signalling is affected by individual lysosomal organelles being at different stages of these processes and/or at different sites within the cell is poorly understood, but is discussed
Regulation of mTORC1 by growth factors, energy status, amino acids and mechanical stimuli at a glance
Reducing Unnecessary Vitamin D Screening in an Academic Health System: What Works and When.
Vitamin D deficiency is relatively common, with an estimated prevalence between 19 and 77% in the United States.1,2 Low serum 25(OH)D levels have been associated with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality3 and other adverse outcomes.4,5 Further, Vitamin D supplementation is safe and low-cost. However, associations between Vitamin D supplementation and various outcomes have been mixed/have not been definitive,6 and there is limited evidence that population-based screening for Vitamin D deficiency improves outcomes
Effect of exogenous putrescine treatment on internal browning and colour retention of pear fruit
Effect of Global Postural Rehabilitation program on spatiotemporal gait parameters of parkinsonian patients: a three-dimensional motion analysis study
The aim of the present study was to evaluate
the effects of a Global Postural Rehabilitation (GPR) program
on motor symptoms and gait parameters of patients
with Parkinson’s disease (PD) by means of three-dimensional
motion analysis study. Ten subjects with clinical
diagnosis of PD were enrolled (study group). Age-, sexand
disease duration-matched PD patients were recruited as
a control group (no treatment). Three-dimensional motion
analysis was conducted by means of a stereophotogrammetric
system. After basal evaluation, the study group
underwent a specific rehabilitation program consisting of
individual 40 min GPR daily sessions, 3 days a week for 4
consecutive weeks. Neurological status and spatiotemporalgait parameters of the two groups were evaluated at study
entry (t0), at 4 weeks (t1, end of rehabilitation protocol) and
at 8 and 12 weeks (t2 and t3, follow-up evaluation). At
baseline evaluation, the two groups did not differ in clinical
features and gait parameters. At the end of rehabilitation
protocol (t1) and at follow-up evaluation (t2 and t3), a
significant improvement in temporal gait parameters and
UPDRS scores was observed in all treated patients as
compared to baseline and controls. Our preliminary findings
showed that significant improvements in mobility and
gait parameters of PD patients can be obtained through
GPR treatment, with a parallel improvement in clinical
status. Quantitative analysis of gait pattern can be considered
a useful tool to assess the efficacy of rehabilitation
interventions in patients affected by PD
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