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Not AvailableFalse smut caused by the flower-infecting fungus, Ustilaginoidea virens has become an important disease of rice seriously hampering production worldwide. An experiment on the eco-friendly method of biological control of false smut was conducted both in vitro and in field conditions to evaluate the ability of biocontrol agents to control the disease. The in vitro evaluation revealed maximum inhibition of U. virens by Trichoderma harzianum (66.88%) followed by Trichoderma atroviride (51.16%), Dendryphiella sp. (41.50%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (36.56%) and Bacillus subtilis (36.40%). The mechanisms of action observed during in vitro tests for T. harzianum and T. atroviride were parasitism and production of volatile metabolites. Whereas B. subtilis produced volatile metabolites to control U. virens. All the plants treated with biocontrol agents showed reduced disease incidence relative to the control demonstrating their ability to suppress false smut under field conditions. Besides disease suppression, the biocontrol agents were found to be beneficial to rice as evident from the increased number of grains per panicle in treated plants. Moreover, the chaffiness that reduces rice production, was much lower in all treatments except for plants treated with Dendryphiella sp. Therefore, B. subtilis and T. harzianum have maximum potential to control false smut of rice.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFalse smut of rice is caused by a fungal pathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takah. The disease has emerged as an increasing concern for rice production and pathologists since the widespread cultivation of hybrid rice and heavy application of nitrogenous fertilizer (Zhou et al 2008). The fungus transforms the infected grains into a yellowish smut ball, which gradually changes to yellowish orange, green, olive green and finally to greenish black. The smut balls are often enclosed by sclerotia that ultimately fall to the ground, leaving plenty of powdery chlamydospores. False smut balls on rice panicles are the typical symptom of the disease. The chlamydospores are almost smooth when young, and become warty when mature. Under bright-field light microscopy, the conidia are round to elliptical but under scanning electron microscopy, the globose to irregularly rounded conidia are ornamented with prominent spines. The spines are pointed at the apex or irregularly curved, and approximately 359.9-994.5 nm long (Baite et al 2014).Not Availabl

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Not AvailableFalse smut caused by Ustilaginoidea virens is currently an important disease of rice. The disease regularly occurs in many parts of India resulting in significant economic losses. To find an eco-friendly method of false smut management, the effect of staggered rice sowing and flowering on false smut incidence were evaluated in 2018 and 2019 seasons. Six rice varieties were sown at 15-day intervals from 24th May to 20th August in both the years. Most varieties developed false smut when their flowering occurred during September and October in both seasons of 2018 and 2019 irrespective of their sowing dates. The relative humidity showed positive correlation with Pooja and Sarala but negatively correlated with Anjali, Durga, Geetanjali and Naveen. Therefore, avoiding the flowering period during the critical months can considerably limit the false smut severity and help to manage the disease.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNoThe present investigation was carried out to asses the incidence of bakanae disease in Odisha, characterization of the isolates and its management with fungicides. The disease incidence ranging from 1-25.50 percent ondifferent rice varieties was recorded in five districts mainly, Cuttack, Sambalpur, Bargarh, Ganjam and Jajpur.These regions were identified as new hot spots for the disease. The disease was observed to a significant extentin most of the commercially growing varieties with maximum disease incidence on Pooja (19.0 % and 24.5%respectively for two seasons). A significant variation was observed among the isolates with respect to cultural,morphological characters and degree of pathogenicity. All the ten isolates were grouped into highly virulentgroup. The amplification of tef-1alpha gene generated approx 700 bp bands. In phylogenetic analysis, based ontef-1alpha gene region, overall two major groups were formed. The F.fujikuroi isolates FJ1 (Kisannagar), FJ2(Khurda), FJ3 (Tangi-Chodwar) and FJ9 ( Chandikole) belonged to same group whereas FJ4 ( Cuttack), FJ5( Jajpur), FJ6 ( Kisannagar-2), FJ7 ( Sambalpur), FJ8 ( Bargarh) and FJ10 (Ganjam) are in a separate groupwith other world isolates. Among the ten systemic fungicides tested, all found effective with 100 percent reductionin mycelial growth. All the three tested Trichoderma spp. were found effective under in vitro with completeinhibition and lyses of the pathogen mycelium. Seed treatment with Carbendazim 50 % WP @1 g/kg of seedsfound effective with maximum germination, vigor index and disease reduction.t AvailableNot Availabl