Trends in airport surface access in the London multi-airport system

The London multi-airport system is described and changes in ownership from state organisations to competing private enterprises are assessed. A taxonomy of United Kingdom government action related to airport planning policy is presented with critical analysis in relation to airport surface access strategy. Changes in public transport use by passengers and employees at London airports are quantified to illustrate the success or otherwise of government policy. Passenger groups (defined by nationality and trip purpose) driving the increase in public transport are identified. Current London airport surface access strategic targets for passengers and employees are compared with the early versions suggested by the government to highlight the changed airport approach. Emerging surface airport access issues at London’s airports are discussed

PETER’S HALAKHIC NIGHTMARE: THE ‘ANIMAL’ VISION OF ACTS 10:9-16 IN JEWISH AND GRAECO-ROMAN PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this thesis is to see if better sense can be made of the enigmatic vision of Acts 10:9-16 in which Peter is commanded to eat unclean animals. Although Luke interprets the vision in terms of attitudes to people, a striking problem is why a text apparently asking a Jew to violate the food-laws (and thus Torah as a whole), should feature in a book that does not resolve the Jew–Gentile problem in this way elsewhere. That this was an extraneous abolitionist text that Luke unsuccessfully “softened” is not deemed satisfactory. Peter’s vision is highly unusual, with marked differences from both Cornelius’ angelophany and other NT examples. As a Jewish response to the problem of associating with Gentiles, the account is unique in representing halakhic issues in dream form, but the rather human feel, enigmatic dialogue and oblique application may also suggest Graeco-Roman influences, which if read correctly might help illuminate the vision’s real function. After introductions to the halakha of association and the literary development of dreams in the Mediterranean world, two unusual aspects of the vision are investigated; firstly the connection with Hellenistic anxiety dreams and nightmares, and secondly, with the characteristically enigmatic divine speech of Graeco-Roman religion. These suggest ways in which Luke might want to point to a wider meaning and yet retain the vision’s distressing literal imagery. From a survey of other double dreams, it is concluded that pairing revelations with very different forms and degrees of difficulty is a recognisable pattern and may not imply poor editing . Indeed, that the darker and more enigmatic revelation is received by a character struggling to understand the divine will, is particularly characteristic. This not only explains the transgressive feel of Peter’s vision, but also how the ironic contrast with Cornelius underscores a Lukan apologetic about mission. It is concluded that the difficult even paradoxical questions facing Jewish Christians make a “communal anxiety dream” about contact with Gentiles understandable. The vision does not so much commend the abolition of Torah as expose the illegitimacy of allowing such “nightmares” to impede fellowship with Spirit-filled Gentile followers of Jesus. Part of its rebuke is to plunge the Apostle into a state of aporia until enabled to recognise its meaning in the surprising developments at Cornelius’ house. Besides helping to explain an editorial anomaly, and showing how Luke may be experimenting with more personal and enigmatic forms of “revelation”, this reading may also add plausibility to a consistent “dual-identity” reading of Lukan ecclesiology , as developed by Jervell et al

TRAFFIC DISTRIBUTION STUDY ON MULTI-AIRPORT SYSTEMS IN THE GREATER JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA (GJMA) AND ASSOCIATED IMPLICATIONS

Multi-airport system development is becoming a common solution to capacity constraint problems in metropolitan areas around the world. GJMA, as the biggest air transport market in Indonesia, have a plan to change their airport system from a single airport system to a multi-airport system because of capacity constraints. To relieve the congestion problem in the existing airport, an expansion project and a new airport plan are being proposed by the government. The new airport will be located in a green-field site around a hilly area in the Karawang Regency and plans to start operating in 2019.The government has not yet decided on the roles of the airport, but only proposed several scenarios to distribute the traffic for both airports. This study aims to understand the configuration of the traffic distribution of the new multi-airport system environment in GJMA, using a five step strategic planning methodology (CAIAD) which stands for Collect information, Analysing, Imaging, Assessing and Deciding.The results of the study show that the traffic distribution can lead to implications on the existing and planned infrastructure, and for the airport users. The main implications are traffic volatility, underutilized airport infrastructure, traffic demand, that cannot be accommodated by the airports, operational difficulty and poor service for the airport users. To minimize these implications, the government should start planning the development of the new airport based on flexibility related to the actual traffic demand and improved the transport access facilities. This study also suggests two scenarios as options for the government to implement in the GJMA multi-airport environment.Keywords: GJMA Airports, Capacity Constraint, Regulations Policy, Underutilize Airport and Airport Development

EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE RAILWAY CONNECTION ACCESS AT JAKARTA SOEKARNO HATTA INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

Traveling between the center of Jakarta and Soekarno Hatta International Airport (SHIA) is further constrained by the limited number of main routes available which likely cannot be accommodated in the future by road based transport modes alone. Hence, the airport needs to develop airport surface access to accommodate its network. The aim of this research is to analyze the railway access system for developing the system of SHIA using multi criteria analysis in the selection of alternative route alignment of the railway line and a qualitative study in data collection within the research design. Development of the criteria includes technical, economic, environmental and spatial aspect. Three alternatives have been proposed in this analysis, i.e. through West Jakarta, through North and West Jakarta and through North and Central Jakarta. The results show that alternative 3 (through North and Central Jakarta) can give implications to the airport users, i.e. providing a high standard of the rail link in a well-timed manner and a cost-effective public transport link. Improving the multi-modal access to the airport will improve the supply of employment to business, lead to urban regeneration around station locations, and improve Greater Jakarta Metropolitan Area regional competitiveness

Airport road access design solutions: a conceptual study of wayfinding systems

The growth of the airport in the world will have a significant impact on future road access design. Pressure by drivers for simplifying of airport wayfinding has led to the inclusion of basic road access design so as to reduce the cost. An effective of wayfinding is directly linked to the reduction in drivers’ travelling cost and number of road accidents. Drivers prefer an effective airport wayfinding system in airport areas to navigate easily. This has raised an aim to investigate ways in which airport road access design can be improved, through a conceptual study of both wayfinding design and signage information systems. It leads to the exploration of the new field of the study in order to propose appropriate guidelines and solutions on airport navigation with an emphasis on simplifying the wayfinding provision design in a future

An evaluation of airport wayfinding and signage on senior driver behaviour and safety of airport road access design

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different wayfinding provision on senior driving behaviour and road safety. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road. Wayfinding complexity varied due to differing levels of road-side furniture. Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes. Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study. Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean, Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA confirmed that age group has a correlation between road design complexity, driving behaviour and driving errors

The impact of airport road wayfinding on senior driver behaviour

The purpose of this study was to measure the impacts of airport road access design and wayfinding systems on senior driver performances. A car driving simulator was used to model scenarios of differing wayfinding complexity and road design. Three scenario types were designed consisting of 3.8 miles of airport road (i.e. approximately 4 minutes driving to complete each scenario). Experienced car drivers were asked to drive simulated routes.Forty drivers in the age ranges: 50 to 54, 55 to 59 and those aged over 60 were selected to perform the study.Participants drove for approximately 20 minutes to complete the simulated driving. The driver performance was compared between age groups. Results were analysed by Mean,Standard Deviation and ANOVA Test, and discussed with reference to the use of the driving simulator. The ANOVA results showed that in comparison of senior drivers‟ age group, there is a low impact between driving behaviour and road safety on airport road access wayfinding design

High allelic diversity in the methyltransferase gene of a phase variable type III restriction-modification system has implications for the fitness of Haemophilus influenzae

Phase variable restriction-modification (R-M) systems are widespread in Eubacteria. Haemophilus influenzae encodes a phase variable homolog of Type III R-M systems. Sequence analysis of this system in 22 non-typeable H.influenzae isolates revealed a hypervariable region in the central portion of the mod gene whereas the res gene was conserved. Maximum likelihood (ML) analysis indicated that most sites outside this hypervariable region experienced strong negative selection but evidence of positive selection for a few sites in adjacent regions. A phylogenetic analysis of 61 Type III mod genes revealed clustering of these H.influenzae mod alleles with mod genes from pathogenic Neisseriae and, based on sequence analysis, horizontal transfer of the mod–res complex between these species. Neisserial mod alleles also contained a hypervariable region and all mod alleles exhibited variability in the repeat tract. We propose that this hypervariable region encodes the target recognition domain (TRD) of the Mod protein and that variability results in alterations to the recognition sequence of this R-M system. We argue that the high allelic diversity and phase variable nature of this R-M system have arisen due to selective pressures exerted by diversity in bacteriophage populations but also have implications for other fitness attributes of these bacterial species

Dam inactivation in Neisseria meningitidis: prevalence among diverse hyperinvasive lineages

BACKGROUND: DNA adenine methyltransferase (Dam) activity is absent in many, but not all, disease isolates of Neisseria meningitidis, as a consequence of the insertion of a restriction endonuclease-encoding gene, the 'dam replacing gene' (drg) at the dam locus. Here, we report the results of a survey to assess the prevalence of drg in a globally representative panel of disease-associated meningococci. RESULTS: Of the known meningococcal hyper-invasive lineages investigated, drg was absent in all representatives of the ST-8 and ST-11 clonal complexes tested, but uniformly present in the representatives of the other hyper-invasive lineages present in the isolate collection (the ST-1, ST-4, ST-5, ST-32 and ST-41/44 clonal complexes). The patterns of sequence diversity observed in drg were consistent with acquisition of this gene from a source organism with a different G+C content, at some time prior to the emergence of present-day meningococcal clonal complexes, followed by spread through the meningococcal population by horizontal genetic exchange. During this spread a number of alleles have arisen by mutation and intragenic recombination. CONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with the idea that possession of the drg gene may contribute to the divergence observed among meningococcal clonal complexes, but does not have a direct mechanistic involvement in virulence