Effects of rotation in the energy spectrum of C60C_{60}

In this paper, motivated by the experimental evidence of rapidly rotating $C_{60}$ molecules in fullerite, we study the low-energy electronic states of rotating fullerene within a continuum model. In this model, the low-energy spectrum is obtained from an effective Dirac equation including non-Abelian gauge fields that simulate the pentagonal rings of the molecule. Rotation is incorporated into the model by solving the effective Dirac equation in the rotating referential frame. The exact analytical solution for the eigenfunctions and energy spectrum is obtained, yielding the previously known static results in the no rotation limit. Due to the coupling between rotation and total angular momentum, that appears naturally in the rotating frame, the zero modes of static $C_{60}$ are shifted and also suffer a Zeeman splitting whithout the presence of a magnetic field

Axiomatization and Models of Scientific Theories

In this paper we discuss two approaches to the axiomatization of scien- tific theories in the context of the so called semantic approach, according to which (roughly) a theory can be seen as a class of models. The two approaches are associated respectively to Suppes’ and to da Costa and Chuaqui’s works. We argue that theories can be developed both in a way more akin to the usual mathematical practice (Suppes), in an informal set theoretical environment, writing the set theoretical predicate in the language of set theory itself or, more rigorously (da Costa and Chuaqui), by employing formal languages that help us in writing the postulates to define a class of structures. Both approaches are called internal, for we work within a mathematical framework, here taken to be first-order ZFC. We contrast these approaches with an external one, here discussed briefly. We argue that each one has its strong and weak points, whose discussion is relevant for the philosophical foundations of science

Inertial-Hall effect: the influence of rotation on the Hall conductivity

Inertial effects play an important role in classical mechanics but have been largely overlooked in quantum mechanics. Nevertheless, the analogy between inertial forces on mass particles and electromagnetic forces on charged particles is not new. In this paper, we consider a rotating non-interacting planar two-dimensional electron gas with a perpendicular uniform magnetic field and investigate the effects of the rotation in the Hall conductiv

Solid and liquid waste utilization in fermentation process to get bacterial insecticide.

Proceeding of the 5th International Congress on Engineering and Food, 28 May and 3 June, 1989, Cologne, Federal Republic of Germany

Biochemical parameters for Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum (Characidae) and hybrid tambacu (P. mesopotamicus X C. macropomum).

Estudaram-se os valores de glicose plasmática, proteína total sérica e íons séricos (cálcio, potássio, magnésio, sódio e cloreto) em jovens de Colossomoma macropomum Cuvier 1818, Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg 1887 e híbrido tambacu (P. mesopotamicus x C. macropomum), mantidos em cultivo intensivo. As concentrações plasmáticas de glicose no híbrido tambacu foram maiores que em P. mesopotamicus e C. macropomum. Os níveis de proteínas totais em P. mesopotamicus foram maiores em C. macropomum e híbrido tambacu. O C. macropomum apresentou maior concentração de sódio e cloreto, ao passo que o P. mesopotamicus mostrou maior concentração de potássio e magnésio. Porém, os níveis de cálcio mostraram-se similares nas três espécies estudadas. O híbrido tambacu apresentou os menores níveis de proteínas totais e níveis intermediários de potássio, sódio, magnésio e cloreto quando comparado ao P. mesopotamicus e C. macropomum. Foram estabelecidos valores basais para peixes sadios criados em cativeiro, os quais poderão ser usados em estudos de comparação futura em populações selvagens de P. mesopotamicus e C. macropomum

Recent observations on bacterial insecticide production by semi-solid fermentation technique.

The practical use of entomopathogenic microorganism, to crop protection is possible when an industrial scale production of the organism is developed. That is the case of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), one of the most studied and commercially important entomopathogenic bacterium. In Brazil the feasibility of Bt production depends, to a large degree, on the cost at which this product can be obtained. So, the fermentation technology has to aim the production of new fermentation media and new fermentation processes to get such economical level. In search of new fermentation processes it was studied the production of Bt spores and gama-endotoxin in a low cost medium (using agroindustrial by-products) by the semi-solid fermentation in flasks. The fermented malt and the solid residues from pulp and paper industry could both be used as a complete medium for growth and sporulation of this bacterium. Furthermore, the humidification or the supplementation of the culture media with a low price mineral salt source increases the yield of the spores production. It was concluded that the semi-solid fermentation technique can be successfully used for Bt spores and gama-endotoxin production