Identificação molecular e resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli patogênicas e Salmonella sp. isoladas de suínos criados no estado do Pará.

CAPESNa região Norte, a suinocultura caracteriza-se como fonte complementar de renda, e com pouca atenção aos cuidados higiênico-sanitários, o que favorece as infecções bacterianas entéricas responsáveis por grande impacto na suinocultura e algumas na saúde coletiva. No ecossistema amazônico, pouco se conhece a respeito de enterobactérias em suínos destinados ao abate. Deste modo, objetivou-se investigar a ocorrência de Escherichia coli patogênicas e Salmonella sp. em suínos criados no Estado do Pará, determinar os fatores de risco, além de verificar o perfil de resistência à antimicrobianos das cepas patogênicas. Foram colhidas 200 amostras de fezes (swab retal) de suínos procedentes de 15 propriedades localizadas na Mesorregião Metropolitana de Belém e do Nordeste Paraense e processadas no Laboratório de Enterobactérias do Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, PA. Para isolamento de E. coli, as amostras foram semeadas nos caldos EC e GN, incubadas e a seguir semeada em Ágar MacConkey. As colônias suspeitas foram identificadas em TSI (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) para posterior caracterização bioquímica. A caracterização do patótipo foi realizada a partir da amplificação através da técnica da PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Multiplex. Para o isolamento de Salmonella sp., amostras foram inoculadas nos caldos de enriquecimento Selenito Cistina e Rappaport e, após incubação, foram semeadas nos meios de cultura seletivosindicadores Salmonella-Shigella (SS) e em ágar Xilose-Lisina-Descarboxilato (XLD). Colônias suspeitas foram identificadas em TSI para posterior identificação bioquímica e confirmados por PCR. A susceptibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos dos isolados foi avaliada utilizando o sistema automatizado VITEK® 2 Compact (bioMérieux). Os dados foram tabulados e avaliados através de software estatístico Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2019), utilizando-se o teste estatístico qui-quadrado (χ 2) com nível de significância de 5%. Para determinar os fatores de risco, os resultados das fichas foram tabulados e o teste odds ratios utilizado para cada variável investigada, calculadas considerando como variável dependente o status do animal (positivo ou negativo) para a bactéria patogênica. Das 200 amostras de suabes fecais, 40,5% apresentaram E. coli patogênicas isoladas e identificadas pela PCR, destas, 26% de E. coli enteropatogênicas (EPEC), 11% E. coli enterohemorrágicas (EHEC), 11% E. coli enteroinvasoras (EIEC), além de 3% (6/200) com Salmonella sp.. Em relação aos fatores de risco pesquisados, somente a presença de outras espécies animais e o material dos galpões do tipo madeira foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Entre os isolados de E. coli considerados patogênicos, 72,62% demonstraram sensibilidade para todos os antimicrobianos testados, 27,38% resistência para pelo menos 1 antimicrobiano testado e 26,19% das amostras apresentaram multirresistência. As maiores resistências foram para Ampicilina (22,62%), Trimetoprim Sulfametoxazol (19,04%), Cefalotina (16,66%) e Ácido nalidíxico (13,09%). Ademais, 7,14% para Ciprofloxacina, 5,95% para Cefuroxima, 3,57% para Nitrofurantoína, 2,38% para Ceftriaxona, para Norfloxacina e para Amoxilina e 1,9% para Ertapenem. Deste modo, foi possível verificar a ocorrência de E. coli patogênicas e Salmonella sp. em suínos criados no Estado do Pará; chamando atenção a heterogeneidade dos animais acometidos. Além disso, observou-se resistência dessas cepas patogênicas surgindo uma grande preocupação a respeito da seleção de genes de resistência em bactérias presentes na microbiota de animais utilizadas como fonte de alimento.In the northern region, pig farming is characterized as a complementary source of income, and with little attention to hygienic-sanitary care, which favors enteric bacterial infections that have a great impact on pig farming and some on collective health. In the Amazonian ecosystem, little is known about enterobacteria in slaughter pigs. Thus, the objective was to investigate the occurrence of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in pigs raised in the State of Pará, to determine the risk factors, besides verifying the antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogenic strains. 200 swine fecal swab samples were collected from 15 farms located in the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém and Northeast Paraense and processed at the Evandro Chagas Institute Enterobacterial Laboratory, Ananindeua, PA. For E. coli isolation, samples were sown in EC and GN broths, incubated and then seeded on MacConkey Agar. Suspected colonies were identified on TSI (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) for further biochemical characterization. The characterization of the pathotype was performed from amplification by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Multiplex technique. For isolation of Salmonella sp., Samples were inoculated into the Selenite Cystine and Rappaport enrichment broths and, after incubation, were sown in the selective culture media-indicators Salmonella-Shigella (SS) and on Xylose-LysineDescarboxylate (XLD) agar. . Suspicious colonies were identified on TSI for later biochemical identification and confirmed by PCR. The susceptibility to antimicrobial agents of the isolates was evaluated using the automated VITEK® 2 Compact system (bioMérieux). Data were tabulated and evaluated using statistical software Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2019), using the chi-square statistical test (χ2) with a significance level of 5%. To determine the risk factors, the results of the records were tabulated and the odds ratios test used for each investigated variable, calculated considering as dependent variable the animal status (positive or negative) for the pathogenic bacterium. Of the 200 fecal swab specimens, 40.5% had pathogenic isolated E. coli identified by PCR, of which 26% enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), 11% enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), 11% E. coli enteroinvasoras (EIEC), in addition to 3% (6/200) with Salmonella sp .. Regarding the risk factors investigated, only the presence of other animal species and the material of the wood type houses were considered statistically significant. Among the E. coli isolates considered pathogenic, 72.62% showed sensitivity for all tested antimicrobials, 27.38% resistance for at least 1 tested antimicrobial and 26.19% of the samples showed multidrug resistance. The highest resistances were for Ampicillin (22.62%), Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole (19.04%), Cephalothin (16.66%) and Nalidixic Acid (13.09%). In addition, 7.14% for Ciprofloxacin, 5.95% for Cefuroxime, 3.57% for Nitrofurantoin, 2.38% for Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin and Amoxiline and 1.9% for Ertapenem. Thus, it was possible to verify the occurrence of pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella sp. in pigs raised in the state of Pará; calling attention to the heterogeneity of the affected animals. In addition, resistance of these pathogenic strains was observed and there was a great concern regarding the selection of resistance genes in bacteria present in the microbiota of animals used as a food source

Infiltrative Rectal Adenocarcinoma in a Dog

Background: Intestinal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs and adenocarcinoma is the main histological type found. This neoplasm presents slow growth and high capacity of causing metastasis. Histologically speaking, neoplasm cells can present solid, tubular, papillary arrangement and note amorphous extra-cellular material. Clinically observed tenesmus, diarrhea, dyskinesia, hematochezia, mane, protrusion of the anus, weight loss, anorexia. The occurrence and clinicopathological aspects of tumors in dogs’ gastrointestinal tract, the rectal segment, remains poorly understood. Accordingly, the aim of the present study is to report a case on infiltrative rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed in a dog.Case: A 7-year-old male dog representative of the Fila Brasileiro breed was presented to the Veterinary Hospital of University Federal Rural of Amazonia, with history of hyperthermia, anorexia, apathy and tenesmus. Imaging examinations depicted prostatomegaly. Exploratory laparotomy was performed and showed the thickening and hardening of the rectum segment. The animal was subjected to euthanasia. Necroscopy showed increased rectal perimeter; the mucosa in its opening presented atypical cerebroid aspect and irregular surface, and areas dark red. The rectal segment depicted a thick wall of  white color, irregular limits covering the muscular and adjacent sub-mucosa. The peri-rectal adipose tissue presented poor delimitation with the rectum, multiple greyish and reddish areas. Increased prostate and iliac lymph, and multi node of regular limits in the lungs. The histology of the rectal tissue depicted epithelium with differentiated neoformation, composed of atypical cells; nuclear anisocytosis, anisocariasis and hyperchromasia placed in small islands, cords or tubular formation. Neoplasm growth was unorganized and of infiltrative character. Some areas presented mucosal pattern cells with Signal Ring morphologic. Multiple rectal blood vessels, regional lymph nodes and lungs had neoplasm growth similar to that observed in the intestine. Mucosa also presented ulceration areas and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate. There was fibroplasia, lymphoplasmacytic points and bleeding in the serous, as well as in the peri-rectal fat tissue. The immunohistochemical technique showed immunostaining in cytokeratin and vimentin antibodies, and in marked epithelial cells and tumor stroma markings, respectively.Discussion: The intestinal tumor diagnosis in dogs is found by associating history, clinical signs, radiographic, ultrasound findings and necropsty. Only one data about the occurrence of rectal adenocarcinoma in Fila Brasileiro specimens. With regards to sex, results were similar to those record, whose males presented higher prevalence of primary rectal tumors. The macroscopic characteristic is consistent with infiltrative neoplasms; thickening was related to the presence of the tumor. The histopathological findings evidenced growing infiltrative neoplasm formed by atypical cells of tubular arrangement. Microscopy featured a chronic ulcerative colitis frame, such alteration represents one of the main risk factors for colon rectal cancer in humans. Epithelial histogenesis was confirmed through immunohistochemical results that have revealed co-expression of the cytokine epithelial marker in most tumor cells. The vimentin mesenchymal marker in the neoplasm stroma was positive, fact that can be explained by occasional immune-reaction in the anti-bodies (cytokine and vimentin) and in non-differentiated carcinomas. The prognostic was negative in the current report. Such outcome was attributed to the infiltrative character observed in the trans-operative period. Necropsy, as well as the histopathological and immunohistochemical exams, confirmed the infiltrative rectal adenocarcinoma in the dog

Paraganglioma de corpo aórtico em cão

Background: Aortic body paragangliomas are uncommon neoplasms that develop mainly in aortic and carotid bodies. It has been supposed that genetic factors and chronic hypoxia may stimulate tumor development. The brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are most predisposed to present this neoplasm. The clinical symptomatology is related to tumor size and localization. Usually aortic body paraganglioma has benign biological behavior, when it is malignant, rarely promotes metastases. The aim of this study was to report a case of the aortic body paraganglioma as death cause in a dog.Case: A canine, 10-year-old, male, cross breed, presented clinical signs as anorexia, emesis, cough, dyspnea and exercise intolerance. After death the animal was examined at the Department of Veterinary Pathology at the Federal Rural University of Amazonia. On necropsy, no pericardial effusion was identified, however pleural and abdominal effusion was observed, volume like 1000 and 700 mL, respectively. The heart had a neoplasm near the left atrium, it measured 6.5 x 8.2 cm, had irregular surface, firm consistency, grayish color, and at the cut showed infiltration in the myocardium, as well as obstruction of the left atrial lumen and left ventricle concentric hypertrophy. No distant metastases were found. Microscopically, the tumor consisted of polyhedral morphology cells, eosinophilic cytoplasm, spherical and hyperchromatic nucleus. Cells were grouped into lobes separated by fibrovascular stroma, large cells (less uniform cells), low mitotic rate and myocardial infiltration. On immunohistochemical analysis anti-cytokeratin, anti-vimentin and anti-S-100 antibodies were used. Tumour cells stained was absent for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin, but was anti-S-100 positive. A case of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II was diagnosed.Discussion: The reported case was diagnosed in cross breed dog. However, brachycephalic dog breeds, as Boxer, are more predisposed to develop this kind of tumor. The development of these tumors is related to the genetic factors and chronic hypoxia. It was suggested that the tumor origin on this case is related to genetic factors, because the animal had no respiratory diseases, he was not brachycephalic and lived in a low altitude city, what exclude the possibility to have been induced by chronic hypoxia imposed by low oxygen. The clinical symptomatology presented by the animal days before death was related to the localization and size of the tumor. The macroscopic findings were similar to those of other studies. And the histopathological findings of the report were indicative for the histological classification of malignant aortic body paraganglioma. On immunohistochemical analysis it was negative for anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibodies, however was positive for anti-S-100 antibody, thus differentiated from other tumors that may occur in this local and confirmed the diagnosis of malignant aortic body paraganglioma grade II. The dog died due to tumor-related causes, however some authors indicate de tumor as a necropsy finding. The findings made it possible to conclude that tumor was aortic body paraganglioma and that it promoted cardiorespiratory complications related to localization and infiltration, what was worsened by pleural effusion leading the animal to the cardiogenic shock that culminated with death. It shows the importance of including this tumor in the list of differential diagnoses of heart diseases in dogs

Ocorrência de anticorpos contra os vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina, rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina e diarreia viral bovina em bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) no Estado do Pará

Bovine Leukosis, Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis are among the main viruses that lead to losses in productivity and reproductive performance of ruminants. Although cattle and buffalo are often created together, and despite the proven occurrence of these diseases in buffalo, papers about natural occurrence of these infections in this species are scarce. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of antibodies against the Bovine Leukosis Virus (BLV), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD) and Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) in buffalo creations located in the “Paraense” Northeast Mesoregion, Greater Metropolitan Belém and Marajó Mesoregion, Pará, in addition to identify the risk factors for BVD in creations located in “Paraense” Northeast Mesoregion and Greater Metropolitan Belém. In this study 350 buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) sera were evaluated, coming from farms located in each mesoregion, that were subjected to serological techniques: immunodiffusion for (BLV) and serum neutralizing for BVD and IBR. Frequency of the respective diseases in the study population were: 0% (0/350), 53,71% (188/350) and 91,71% (321/350). Male buffaloes and older animals had higher seropositivity for BVD. The frequency of BVD seroreagents buffaloes was higher in Marajó Mesoregion compared to “Paraense” Northeast Mesoregion and Greater Metropolitan Belém, whereas for IBR the opposite occurred. Among the variables investigated, the type of milking was the only identified as a risk factor for the occurrence of BVD in buffaloes.CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoA leucose bovina, a diarréia viral bovina e a rinotraqueite infecciosa bovina estão entre as principais viroses que levam a perdas na produtividade e no desempenho reprodutivo de ruminantes. Embora bovinos e bubalinos sejam frequentemente criados em conjunto e apesar da comprovada ocorrência dessas enfermidades em bubalinos, trabalhos sobre ocorrência natural dessas viroses nessa espécie ainda são escassos. Deste modo, objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra os vírus da Leucose enzoótica bovina (LEB), Diarreia viral bovina (BVD) e Rinotraqueíte infecciosa bovina (IBR) em bubalinos de criações localizadas nas Mesorregiões Nordeste Paraense, Metropolitana de Belém e do Marajó, no Estado do Pará, além de identificar os fatores de risco para a BVD em criações das Mesorregiões Nordeste Paraense e Metropolitana de Belém. No presente estudo foram avaliados 350 soros de bubalinos (Bubalus bubalis) procedentes de propriedades agropecuárias localizadas nas respectivas mesorregiões, que foram submetidos às técnicas de sorologia: imunodifusão para LEB e soroneutralização para BVD e IBR. A frequência para as respectivas doenças na população de estudo foram: 0% (0/350), 53,71% (188/350) e 91,71% (321/350). Bubalinos machos e animais com idade mais avançada apresentaram maior soropositividade para BVD. A frequência de bubalinos sororreagentes para BVD foi maior na Mesorregião do Marajó, em relação às Mesorregiões Nordeste Paraense e Metropolitana de Belém, enquanto para IBR foi maior nas Mesorregiões Nordeste Paraense e Metropolitana de Belém. Dentre as variáveis investigadas, o tipo de ordenha foi o único identificado como fator de risco para a ocorrência da BVD em bubalinos

Unihorn uterine aplasia in bitch - Case report

ABSTRACT. de Aguirra L.R.V.M., Pereira W.L.A., Monger S. da G.B. & Moreira L.F.M. [Unihorn uterine aplasia in bitch - Case report.] Aplasia de unicorno uterino em cadela - Relato de caso. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(4):351-354, 2014. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazonia, Avenida Presidente Tancredo Neves, 2501, Bairro Montese, Belém, PA 66077-830, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected] The aplasia of uterine horn stems from an embryological anomaly resulting from incomplete development of the paramesonephric ducts or Müller, featuring rare occurrence in domestic animals, especially dogs. It is reported a rare case of unilateral aplasia of endometrial uterine horn in a female Poodle, with one year and six months old, as an incidental finding in procedure convenience ovariosalpingohisterectomy (OSH). Macroscopically, was observed a significant reduction in the thickness of the right uterine horn in the left, whose histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of aplasia of uterine horn

Cutaneous tumor-like lesions associated with infection by avipoxvirus in a Dendrocygna autumnalis

The fowlpox, also known as contagiosum epithelioma, is caused by a poxvirus of the genus Avipoxvirus and affects both domestic and wild birds. The disease has two forms cutaneous and diphtheria. In March 2008 the sector of rehabilitation of wild birds from Mangual das Garças Park, located in Belém, Pará attended a duck (Dendrocygna autumnalis) that had nodular lesions in regions of the wing devoid of feathers. The lesions consisted of two large cutaneous tumor-like nodules that measured 4,2 x 3,8 cm and 2,8 x 2,2 cm in length and width, respectively. The nodules were surgically removed, fixed in 10% formalin, processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathology showed acanthosis and expressive hyperkeratosis, some cells showed spongiosis. The confirmatory diagnosis of fowlpox was established by the pathognomonic sign of the presence of large intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion corpuscles (Bollinger bodies) in epithelial cells. This is the first report of poxvirus infection in a wild bird in the State of Pará, Brazil.O setor de reabilitação de aves selvagens do Parque Mangual das Garças, localizado em Belém, Pará, recebeu um espécime de Marreca-cabocla (Dendrocygna autumnalis). O animal apresentava lesões nodulares em regiões desprovidas de penas na asa, que consistiam de dois grandes nódulos cutâneos de aspecto tumoral, que mediram 4,2 x 3,8 cm e 2,8 x 2,2 cm de comprimento e largura, respectivamente. Os nódulos foram removidos cirurgicamente, fixados em formol a 10%, e as amostras foram processadas para histopatologia, coradas pela hematoxilina-eosina. Na análise histopatológica, observaram-se acantose e expressiva hiperceratose; várias células mostraram espongiose. O diagnóstico da bouba foi estabelecido pelo sinal patognomônico da presença de grandes corpúsculos de inclusão eosinofílicos intracitoplasmáticos (corpúsculos de Bollinger) nas células epiteliais da lesão tumoral. Este é o primeiro relato de infecção por poxvírus em ave selvagen no Estado do Pará, Brasil

ESCHERICHIA COLI ENTEROHEMORRÁGICA E PERFIL DE RESISTÊNCIA A ANTIMICROBIANOS EM SUÍNOS CRIADOS NO ESTADO DO PARÁ

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a ocorrência e o perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica em suínos criados no Estado do Pará. 200 amostras fecais de suínos foram coletadas e semeadas em caldos Escherichia coli e Gram negativo, e posteriormente incubadas em Agar MacConkey. Colônias suspeitas foram identificadas em ágar tríplice açúcar ferro para caracterização bioquímica e analisadas a partir de PCR Multiplex, seguido de investigação de susceptibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos disponíveis usando o sistema VITEK® 2 Compact (bioMérieux)®. Das 15 propriedades estudadas, foram verificadas E. coli enterohemorrágica (EHEC) em seis, sendo isoladas em 11% (22/200) dos animais pesquisados. O teste de susceptibilidade aos antimicrobianos demonstrou que 50% dos casos apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um antimicrobiano: 31,81% para ácido nalidíxico, 27,27% para trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol, 18,18% para ampicilina e 13,63% para cefalotina. Neste estudo, cepas de Escherichia coli enterohemorrágica foram identificadas em suínos,  e foi possível verificar a resistência dessas cepas patogênicas a alguns antimicrobianos utilizados na rotina veterinária e humana, como trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol e ampicilina, que são indicados para combatê-las, surgindo preocupação quanto ao tratamento de doenças que envolvem E. coli patogênica, bem como a seleção de genes de resistência em bactérias presentes na microbiota animal utilizada como alimento, e a possibilidade de transferência desses genes para bactérias do trato intestinal humano

Occurrence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in pigs in the State of Pará, Brazil

Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará. Laboratório de Sanidade Animal. Santarém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório Patologia. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Santo Amaro. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Única e Bem-Estar Animal. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade Santo Amaro. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde Única e Bem-Estar Animal. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Programa de Pós-graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia. Belém, PA, Brasil.We investigated the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum antibodies in pigs raised in the Northeast of Pará, Brazil. At Study I, convenience sampled 151 pigs at two slaughterhouses, with and without state inspection; and Study II, which assessed 159 pigs with probabilistic sampling from nine pig farms. Serological analysis was performed using indirect fluorescent antibody test for T. gondii and N. caninum with a cutoff of 64 and 50, respectively. Overall, 6.77% pigs were seropositive for T. gondii and 5.16% for N. caninum. In Study I, pigs slaughtered with and without state inspection presented similar occurrence for both coccidia (p>0.05). Study II found an association between N. caninum seropositivity and sludge discarded into the soil, feeding pigs with animal-based protein, subsistence system, and absence of nipple drinkers. No association was found for T. gondii. Pigs from Pará are a potential source of T. gondii infection to humans. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to report anti-N. caninum antibodies in the serum of pigs in Pará State, Brazilian Amazon