Natural Sources and Applications of Demineralized Bone Matrix in the Field of Bone and Cartilage Tissue Engineering

none8siDemineralized bone matrix (DBM) is one of the most widely used materials for bone repair. Recently, different strategies in tissue engineering have been used to improve preparation of biomaterials from natural sources suitable for the use in bone regeneration. However, the application of DBM in tissue engineering is still a challenge, because the mechanical properties which are essential to bear tensile and load and the risk of transmission of disease by donor are still a matter of homework. A solution to this problem is to blend natural and synthetic polymers to complement defects and make them ideal biomaterials. An ideal biomaterial improves survival, adhesion, proliferation, induction, and differentiation of cells in the biomaterial after in vivo transplantation. In this review, we will look at the study of DBM made of natural and synthetic materials giving a direction for future research.noneCho, Hunhwi; Bucciarelli, Alessio; Kim, Wonkyung; Jeong, Yongwoon; Kim, Namyeong; Jung, Junjae; Yoon, Sunjung; Khang, GilsonCho, Hunhwi; Bucciarelli, Alessio; Kim, Wonkyung; Jeong, Yongwoon; Kim, Namyeong; Jung, Junjae; Yoon, Sunjung; Khang, Gilso

Resonant Waveguide Imaging of Living Systems: From Evanescent to Propagative Light

For more than 50 years, resonant waveguides (RWGs) have offered highly sensitive label-free sensing platforms to monitor surface processes such as protein adsorption, affinity binding, monolayer to multilayer build-up, bacteria and more generally adherent or confined living mammalian cells and tissues. Symmetrical planar dielectric RWG sensitivity was improved by metal coating of at least one of their surfaces for surface plasmon resonance undertaking (SPRWG). However, RWG sensitivity was often obtained at the expense of spatial resolution and could not compete with other high resolution fluorescence microscopies. For years, RWGs have only rarely been combined with high-resolution microscopy. Only recently, the improvement of intensity and phase light modulation techniques and the availability of low-cost high numerical aperture lenses have drastically changed the devices and methodologies based on RWGs. We illustrate in this chapter how these different technical and methodological evolutions have offered new, versatile, and powerful imaging tools to the biological community