Simulation of Receptivity and Induced Transition From Discrete Roughness Elements

The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10494-015-9636-yDordrecht Simulations have been carried out to predict the receptivity and growth of crossflow vortices created by Discrete Roughness Elements (DREs) The final transition to turbulence has also been examined, including the effect of DRE spacing and freestream turbulence. Measurements by Hunt and Saric (2011) of perturbation mode shape at various locations were used to validate the code in particular for the receptivity region. The WALE sub-grid stress (SGS) model was adopted for application to transitional flows, since it allows the SGS viscosity to vanish in laminar regions and in the innermost region of the boundary layer when transition begins. Simulations were carried out for two spanwise wavelengths: λ= 12mm (critical) and λ= 6mm (control) and for roughness heights (k) from 12 μm to 42 μm. The base flow considered was an ASU (67)-0315 aerofoil with 45 ⁰ sweep at -2.9 ⁰ incidence and with onset flow at a chord-based Reynolds number Re <inf>c</inf>= 2.4x10 ⁶. For λ= 12mm results showed, in accord with the experimental data, that the disturbance amplitude growth rate was linear for k = 12 μm and 24 μm, but the growth rate was decreased for k = 36 μm Receptivity to λ= 6mm roughness showed equally good agreement with experiments, indicating that this mode disappeared after a short distance to be replaced by a critical wavelength mode. Analysis of the development of modal disturbance amplitudes with downstream distance showed regions of linear, non-linear, saturation, and secondary instability behaviour. Examination of breakdown to turbulence revealed two possible routes: the first was 2D-like transition (probably Tollmien-Schlichting waves even in the presence of crossflow vortices) when transition occurred beyond the pressure minimum; the second was a classical crossflow vortex secondary instability, leading to the formation of a turbulent wedge

Characterization of superconducting thin films using mm-wave transmission

We present mm-wave transmission as a complementary technique to characterize the properties of superconducting thin films, obtaining information on both the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function. Examples are given to illustrate the strength of the technique to measure the response of dielectric materials and stratified systems. We demonstrate the BCS-behavior of a conventional superconductor NbN, and show furthermore the unconventional behavior in both the absorptive and reactive part of the conductivity of a 20 nm thick DyBa2Cu3O7-delta film

Characterization of superconducting thin films using mm-wave transmission

We present mm-wave transmission as a complementary technique to characterize the properties of superconducting thin films, obtaining information on both the real and imaginary part of the dielectric function. Examples are given to illustrate the strength of the technique to measure the response of dielectric materials and stratified systems. We demonstrate the BCS-behavior of a conventional superconductor NbN, and show furthermore the unconventional behavior in both the absorptive and reactive part of the conductivity of a 20 nm thick DyBa2Cu3O7-delta film