Dental caries in children participating in a Dentistry for infants Program

Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Pediatric Dentistry of School of Dentistry of AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, School of Dentistry of São José dos CamposUniversidade Estadual de Londrina – UELUniversidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, Pediatric Dentistry of School of Dentistry of AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraUniversidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” – UNESP, School of Dentistry of São José dos Campo

Relationship between maternal parenting and eating self-efficacy in overweight children when stressed

BACKGROUND: Emotional eating is associated with negative eating habits and obesity. Parents may be able to decrease the risk of emotional eating in children by promoting greater self-efficacy to engage in healthy eating behaviors. Our goal was to determine the relationship between certain parenting behaviors and eating self-efficacy (ESE) to consume healthy foods during times of emotional stress in a population of overweight/obese children. METHODS: Eighty children (60% female; mean BMI percentile = 98.4%; 79.2% White) completed a survey that assessed their ESE when stressed, feeling down, or bored. Children also reported on mothers’ parenting behaviors coded along three factors: acceptance-based parenting (AC), psychological control (PC), and firm control (FC). Correlations and multiple linear regression models were used for analysis. RESULTS: AC was positively correlated with ESE when stressed. PC and FC were inversely correlated with ESE when feeling down. In the multivariate regression, only FC was significantly inversely associated with ESE when feeling down. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that overweight children who perceive their mothers to exhibit firm control have lower ESE to make healthy choices when feeling sad. These results suggest that pediatric obesity programs should place a stronger focus on decreasing firm control behaviors among parents in order to help children engage in healthier eating behaviors

A Review on Determinants of Nutritional Behavior in Teenagers

Context: Adolescence is associated with important physical, mental, and social changes leading to rapid changes in behavioral patterns including nutritional behaviors. The nutritional behaviors of individuals as well as changing those behaviors should be recognized to design an effective program. The present study sets to recognize determinants of the adolescents' nutritional behaviors based on the social-ecological model. Evidence Acquisition: In an extensive literature review, all Farsi and English articles adopted quantitative studies, which were either cross-sectional, longitudinal, or clinical trials. Furthermore, all Farsi and English qualitative studies published from 1990 to 2016 were reviewed. For this purpose, Scopus, Medline, Embase, Cochrane central register of controlled trials and Cochrane database systematic review databases, as well as Farsi databases including Iranmedex, SID, and Magiran were searched. Keywords included nutritional behaviors of teenagers (eating breakfast, fruits, and vegetables, fast foods, unhealthy snacks) and determinant factors. After extracting the effective factors, they were categorized into social-ecological mode. Results: Since ecological models are focused on individuals' interactions with cultural, environmental, and social factors, applying them to determine the effective factors, and designing interventions based on these factors could enhance the programs for improvement of teenagers' nutritional behaviors. Conclusions: Changes in intrapersonal and environmental factors could have a more effective role in making changes in teenagers' nutritional behaviors. Since some of these factors become key factors in different social-cultural contexts, nutritional changes in societies have a decisive role in their significance. The significance level of factors and their effect on the target society must be considered for designing more effective interventions