Acute jejunoileal obstruction due to a pseudopolyp in a child with undiagnosed crohn disease: A case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Crohn's disease (CD) can affect any part of the alimentary tract from the mouth to the anus, with most common site being the terminal ileum.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A child suffering from undiagnosed Crohn disease (CD), presented with an acute abdominal obstruction due to a large pseudopolyp in the jejunoileal area. At laparotomy, a jejunoileal segment of 45 cm, containing multiple areas of damage to the small intestine, was excised and a primary end – to – end anastomosis was performed.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The coexistence of an intestinal pseudopolyp with undiagnosed Crohn's disease may be the cause of acute abdominal obstruction in children.</p

Elevated expression of c-kit in small venous malformations of blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome

The blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS, syn. bean syndrome) is a rare disease characterized by multiple cutaneous and gastrointestinal venous malformations associated with severe bleeding. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown and no targeted therapeutic approach exists to date. Here we report the case of a 19-year-old male patient with severe BRBNS in whom we analyzed the expression of tyrosine kinases frequently involved in tumor development by immunohistochemistry (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, stem cell growth factor receptor (c-kit), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β, and stem cell tyrosine kinase-1). A prominent expression of c-kit was detectable in smaller blood vessels, which also showed a moderate expression of the proliferation marker MIB1. Surprisingly, other growth factor receptors stained negatively. We therefore conclude that pharmacological inhibition of the c-kit signaling pathway in cavernous hemangiomas by selective kinase inhibitors may offer options in the treatment of BRBNS patients

Electrohydrodynamic phenomena

This work is a review article focused on exploring the interactions between external and induced electric fields and fluid motion, in the presence of embedded charges. Such interactions are generally termed electrohydrodynamics (EHD), which encompasses a vast range of flows stemming from multiscale physical effects. In this review article we shall mainly emphasize on two mechanisms of particular interest to fluid dynamists and engineers, namely electrokinetic flows and the leaky dielectric model. We shed light on the underlying physics behind the above mentioned phenomena and subsequently demonstrate the presence of a common underpinning pattern which governs any general electrohydrodynamic motion. Hence we go on to show that the seemingly unrelated fields of electrokinetics and the leaky dielectric models are indeed closely related to each other through the much celebrated Maxwell stresses, which have long been known as stresses caused in fluids in presence of electric and magnetic fields. Interactions between Maxwell Stresses and charges (for instance, in the form of ions) present in the fluid generates a body force on the same and eventually leads to flow actuation. We show that the manifestation of the Maxwell stresses itself depends on the charge densities, which in turn is dictated by the underlying motion of the fluid. We demonstrate how such inter-related dynamics may give rise intricately coupled and non-linear system of equations governing the dynamical state of the system. This article is mainly divided into two parts. First, we explore the realms of electrokinetics, wherein the formation and the structure of the so-called electrical double layer (EDL) is delineated. Subsequently, we review EDL’s relevance to electroosmosis and streaming potential with the key being the presence and absence of an applied pressure gradient. We thereafter focus on the leaky dielectric model, wherein the fundamental governing equations and its main difference with electrokinetics are described. We limit our attentions to the leaky dielectric motion around droplets and flat surfaces and subsequent interface deformation. To this end, through a rigorous review of a number of previous articles, we establish that the interface shapes can be finely tailored to achieve the desired geometrical characteristics by tuning the fluid properties. We further discuss previous studies, which have shown migration of droplets in the presence of strong electric fields. Finally, we describe the effects of external agents such as surface impurities on leaky dielectric motion and attempt to establish a qualitative connection between the leaky dielectric model and EDLs. We finish off with some pointers for further research activities and open questions in this field.by Aditya Bandopadhyay and Uddipta Ghos