Morphological and Selected Chemical Characteristics of Tephra-derived Soils in Changbai Volcano Area, Northeast China

The morphological and selected chemical properties of 18 pedons developed in Changbai volcano area, Northeast China were investigated. The parent material of these soils consists of thick and coarse tephra deposits from plinian falls, pyroclastic flows and lahar (mudflow) mainly from the 10th century eruption. Although some buried horizons underlying the thick tephra deposit of the 10th century eruption showed clayey soil texture, these soils are characterized by sandy soil texture, A/C type of soil horizon sequence and low acid oxalate-extractable Al+Fe content. Based on the world reference base for soil resources (WRB : FAO, ISRIC and ISSS, 1998), many horizons met some criteria of vitric horizon, while considerable horizons were tephric soil materials. These suggest that the tephra-derived soils in this area is on a young stage of soil development. The cooler climate condition played a major role in the slow soil development. Furthermore, the parent material consisting of the coarse textured tephras provided by the sequential plinian falls and pyroclastic flows, not fine textured volcanic ash, would affect the slow rate of tephra weathering. The soil genesis of the Changbai volcano area is dependent on the properties of the parent material and different climate conditions with elevation

ロシア・東部バイカル地域におけるマントル進化

The genesis of major groups of xenoliths from the Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the eastern part of Baikal Rift System is considered on the basis of petrology and mineral chemistry. Reconstructed mantle sections beneath the Vitim field appear to be more complex than beneath the Udokan field due to significant modification by hydrous metasomatic melts. Peridotite xenoliths from the Miocene picrobasalts represent garnet and spinel depth facies. Pyroxenite xenoliths are interpreted as products of three types of the melt. The first forms Cr-diopside pyroxenites, it is an interstitial melt migrating through peridotite, and it is similar to melts described in peridotite massifs as undergoing percolative fractionation. Textural and compositional relationships indicate melt segregation and fractionation under the high-pressure conditions towards Al-rich pyroxenites and - at shallower levels - towards sp-websterites. The second and third melt types form the hydrous veins and megacrystic pyroxenites, respectively. Both were crystallized in larger channels relative to the first melt type, whereby the amphibole- and phlogopite-bearing assemblages may represent smaller channels on a scale of dozen centimeters. Three series of peridotite xenoliths from Pliocene basanites were determined: (1) high-T garnet and spinel lherzolites, (2) low-T spinel lherzolites and harzburgites, (3) low-T titaniferous spinel lherzolites. Protogranular peridotites of the Series 1 represent primitive to moderately depleted mantle from the depths 60-80km at T=1100-1250℃. Trace element patterns in clinopyroxenes are indicative of low degree partial melting of the primitive mantle. Peridotites of the Series 2 correspond to the depths 40-50km at T=800-900℃. Titaniferous peridotites enriched in pyroxenes and spinel were newly detected. They have a mosaic equigranular texture and are suggested to be a rare type of melt/mantle interaction. T-estimations within 750-850℃ projected to a geotherm allow to interprete their correspondence to the uppermost mantle section (40-50km depth). High Ti content (TiO_2=0.55% in the bulk rock) may characterize a metasomatizing melt generated from ilmenite- and/or phlogopite-bearing source. Clinopyroxene REE patterns (La/Yb)_n=0.01-0.08) reveal an evidence for MORB-like composition of coexisting melt. Xenoliths from the Pliocene basanites of Kuas Lake (Udokan field) show variation of unhydrous depletion and enrichment of lower lithosphere. Xenoliths correspond to spinel facies and may be divided into lherzolite, harzburgite and dunite, and websterite groups. Depleted nodules contain clinopyroxene enriched in LREE and depleted in HFSE. This enrichment is explained by reactive percolation of small melt fraction and accompanying melting of peridotites. Harzburgite-dunite veins seem to be located at the lower part of mantle column and have been formed by olivine-producing reaction with increasing of melt fraction. Lherzolite and websterite are located at the middle and upper part of column and have been formed by pyroxene-producing reaction with decreasing of melt fraction.論文Articl

中国河北省張家口地区万全県漢淖坎玄武岩の地球化学的研究

Geological, petrographical and geochemical characteristics of the Baidrag granite pluton from the Tsagaan Tsahir Uul area can be summarized as following; The granitic complex is composed of two types of granites, distinguished by its biotite content. The modal abundance of biotite varies gradually between the two rock types. Major and trace element geochemical characteristics of the granitic rocks are similar, but they differ by SiO_2 content. FeO, CaO, Sr, and Ba contents of the biotite granite are slightly higher than those of the two mica granite. Both granites are medium to high potassium calc alkaline, and have peraluminous chemical features. Studied mineralogical composition and major and trace element geochemistry show that the granitic rock of Tsagaan Tsahir Uul area has volcanic arc granite (VAG) characteristics.論文Articl

シベリアの新生代火山活動

論文Articl

Consideration for fractional slot winding of permanent magnet type synchronous machine

Fractional Winding is used for permanent magnet type synchronous machine to improve the EMF form and cogging etc. This paper report the characteristics of q=1/2 and q=3/8 (q<0.5) especially. And the mixed coils in each phase winding we called, can give the flexibility of winding design. We report the advantages of this winging method with theory and measured data.2011 International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems, ICEMS 2011; Beijing; 20 August 2011 through 23 August 201

Stratigraphic Sequences and Magmatic Cycles of the Tianchi Volcano, Changbaishan

The Junjianshan Basalts has been subdivided into 3 units as the Toudao, Baishan and Laofangzixiaoshan Basalts to reconstruct the process of the shield-forming of the Tianchi Volcano, after the plateau-forming eruption. Here we define the Toudao F as the thick and long reached basaltic lava flows on the north and northwest part of the Tianchi Shield. As a representative profile we present one at Yaoshui along the Toudao River from which K-Ar ages of 2.29, 2.35, 5.02 and 5.82 Ma are dated. The basalts of the Baishan F compose the main terrain of the Tianchi Shield. These lava flows vary in thickness and ages, such as 1.28 and 1.39Ma. The Xiaobaishan Trac hyandecites-Trachytes, distributed mainly on the southern Tianchi Trachyte Cone and the northern base of the Cone, are representative of trachytic episodes of the eruption before 0.81, 0.92 and 1.19Ma. Basalts from the Laofangzixiaoshan F, distributed on the northeast, northwest and southwest sides of the Tianchi Lava Shield, make up a part of the surface of the Tianchi Shield, on which several scoria cones and flat craters are situated. The K-Ar ages for the Laofangzixiaoshan F are generally very young compared with the Toudao and Baishan Formations; such as the northeastern lava flow ages of 0.23, 0.31, 0.34, 0.35 and 0.47Ma and the southwestern lavas dated as 0.4 and 0.42Ma. These lava flows are equivalent to the parasitic Laohudong basalts in 0.34 and 0.32Ma. Materials erupted in the Baitoushan stage constructed the strata cone with a largest thickness of about 600m and are grouped into 3 members; Lower, Middle and Upper Members of the depositional sequence. The Holocene volcanic strata of the Tianchi volcano are listed as Bingchang, Qixiangzhan, Baiyunfeng and Baguamiao Formations. The Bingchang F, of welded pyroclastic rocks of trachyte and comendite, locates at the depressions of Bingchang, Gudisenlin and Baishanqiao. The Qixiangzhan F is a typical clastogenic lava flow originating from satellite comenditic volcanism near the top of the Tianchi Cone, while the Baiyunfeng F is of comenditic plinian fallout and ignimbrite deposits that are widely distributed on the surface of the Tianchi volcano. The Baguamiao F is represented as dark trachytic fallout and ignimbrite deposits mantling the surface and thickening in the valleys. Eruptions from the Tianchi Volcano are reported to have taken place in 1668, 1702 and 1903 AD. The Tianchi Volcano is a completely evolved magma system showing evolutionary trends as the volcanism varies with time. We note that the mechanism of magma evolutionary exhibits a successive differentiation trend and magma mixing process. This mechanism is definitely different from the formal bi-modal distribution of the magma composition. In the early cycle of trachytic magma production, a trachyte sample is obtained from the Daewoo Hotel borehole. In the middle cycle, basaltic magmas evolved into the trachytes and trachyandesites of the Xiaobaishan Formation. The late trachyte cycle comprised the main edifice of the Tianchi stratovolcano and had a distinct explosive regime change from trachyte to comendite.論文Articl

6U CubeSat for Ultraviolet Time-Domain Astronomy

A wide-field ultraviolet observatory for time-domain astronomy utilizing 6U CubeSat is presented. Ultraviolet waveband is one of the unexplored fields in astronomy. Potential targets are short duration transient sources in UV-band: early-phase emission from gravitational wave sources, supernovae shock-breakouts, tidal disruption events around super massive blackholes, etc. The telescope was designed for covering the large error circle of GW detectors, FoV~100 deg2. Thanks to the high quantum efficiency of “delta-doping” detector, the detection limit achieves 20 mag (AB) for 1800 s exposure in NUV band, which is sufficient to detect UV emission from a binary neutron star merger within 200 Mpc from the earth. The satellite has a high-performance on-board computer for on-orbit analysis to detect transient sources and measure the magnitude and the accurate position of the target. The obtained information is required to be transferred to the ground within 30 min from the detection to start multi-messenger follow-up observations utilizing ground-based observatories and astronomical satellites. In this presentation we show the mission overview and conceptual design of the satellite system

Morphine glucuronosyltransferase activity in human liver microsomes is inhibited by a variety of drugs that are co-administered with morphine.

金沢大学附属病院薬剤部Morphine is an analgesic drug used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes for cancer patients. Glucuronidation is a major pathway of the elimination of morphine in humans. Morphine is metabolized to 3-glucuronide (no analgesic effect) and 6-glucuronide (more potently analgesic than morphine) mainly by UGT2B7. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of a variety of drugs on the morphine glucuronosyltransferase activities in human liver microsomes. Twenty-one drugs including anticancer drugs, immunosuppressants, analgesics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, antipsychotic drugs were selected in this study, because they are frequently co-administered with morphine. We found that 10 out of 21 drugs, tamoxifen, tacrolimus, diclofenac, carbamazepine, imipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, diazepam, lorazepam and oxazepam extensively inhibited the morphine 3- and 6-glucuronosyltransferase activities. Although some of the drugs are not substrates of UGT2B7, they would be potent inhibitors of UGT2B7. If patients receive morphine and these drugs simultaneously, the drug-drug interaction may change the levels of morphine and these glucuronides, resulting in altered analgesic efficacy and the risk of side effects. The results presented here will assist clinicians in choosing the proper drugs and/or dosages, and enable them to anticipate potential drug-drug interactions

A stress-reduced passaging technique improves the viability of human pluripotent cells

Xeno-free culture systems have expanded the clinical and industrial application of human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). However, reproducibility issues, often arising from variability during passaging steps, remain. Here, we describe an improved method for the subculture of human PSCs. The revised method significantly enhances the viability of human PSCs by lowering DNA damage and apoptosis, resulting in more efficient and reproducible downstream applications such as gene editing and directed differentiation. Furthermore, the method does not alter PSC characteristics after long-term culture and attenuates the growth advantage of abnormal subpopulations. This robust passaging method minimizes experimental error and reduces the rate of PSCs failing quality control of human PSC research and application

Establishing allowable value of Electric Conductivity for monitoring groundwater based on the benchmark dose concept and its application

Recently, a number of studies have pointed out that Electric Conductivity (EC) would be a very effective measure for monitoring the quality of ground water possibly polluted by sewage sludge or incineration ash leachate. However, few have explicitly determined the allowable limit of the EC value. Therefore, we have obtained the allowable limit of EC by applying the "benchmark dose (BMO)" method.2010 International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Applications (ICEEA) : Singapore, Singapore, 2010.09.10-2010.09.1