A ESTRUTURA SINDICAL E A REFORMA TRABALHISTA NO SINDICATO DOS PROFESSORES DO MUNICÍPIO DO RIO DE JANEIRO E REGIÃO (SINPRO-RIO)

O trabalho tem por objetivos analisar criticamente a estrutura sindical do Sinpro-Rio, um sindicato de professoras e professores das instituições privadas de ensino do município do Rio de Janeiro, e identificar os efeitos da reforma trabalhista sobre esta entidade. Para isso, tomam-se por referência três marcos da história do país, a saber, o processo da redemocratização, na década de 1980, a adoção do receituário neoliberal, nos anos de 1990, e a recente reforma trabalhista. Metodologicamente, buscamos apreender a dinâmica e complexa trajetória recente da entidade sindical, valorizando a pesquisa histórica. Serviram como fontes elementos da documentação oficial produzida pela entidade sindical, especialmente, os jornais Folha do Professor, edições de 1985 a 1996, e Jornal do Professor, de 1996 a 1999, as entrevistas com diretores/as registradas no Projeto Memória, em 1997, as agendas publicadas a partir de 1994 e os informes publicados no sítio do sindicato acerca da reforma trabalhista..  Defendemos, entretanto, que as opções sobre a estrutura sindical que saíram vitoriosas dos embates ocorridos no interior do Sinpro-Rio, ao longo de sua trajetória nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, não contribuíram para a politização e aproximação do professorado. O esvaziamento das assembleias e a relação utilitária que os docentes estabeleceram com a entidade, procurando-a quando necessitam da assistência jurídica, por exemplo, tornaram-se comuns. A “naturalização” desta realidade tornou o Sinpro-Rio politicamente vulnerável diante de uma conjuntura desfavorável como a da presente reforma trabalhista. Com a reforma trabalhista de 2016, o governo brasileiro buscou flexibilizar o trabalho e desconfigurar a Consolidação das Leis Trabalhistas (CLT), marco da proteção social brasileira.  Diante da reforma trabalhista, o Sinpro-Rio, como os demais sindicatos do país, vem sendo obrigado a repensar suas estratégias de atuação política e a sua relação com a base sindical. Dentre as novas medidas, identificamos: a incorporação de novas demandas sociais – restaurando parte das tiradas pela reforma – nas Convenções Coletivas de Trabalho; o convencimento da categoria mediante novas formas de comunicação, privilegiando as redes sociais. Tais estratégias, contudo, não garantiram, até agora, a ampliação do número de sindicalizados, tampouco o fortalecimento da resistência ao desmonte da proteção social dos trabalhadores

Scheduling practices for pregnant emergency medicine residents

BACKGROUND: Night shift work is associated with adverse pathophysiologic effects on maternal and fetal well-being. Although emergency medicine (EM) residents work frequent night shifts, there is no existing guidance for residency program directors (PDs) regarding scheduling pregnant residents. Our study assessed scheduling practices for pregnant EM residents, differences based on program and PD characteristics, barriers and attitudes toward implementing a formal scheduling policy, and PDs\u27 awareness of literature describing adverse effects of night shifts on maternal-fetal outcomes. METHODS: We conducted an anonymous, web-based survey of U.S. EM residencies ( = 276). Quantitative data were summarized; chi-square analysis and logistic regression were used to assess relationships between program and PD characteristics and schedule accommodations. Qualitative description was used to analyze an open-ended question, organizing findings into major and minor themes. RESULTS: Of the 167 completed surveys (response rate 61%), 67% of programs reported no formal policy for scheduling pregnant residents but made adjustments on an individual basis including block changes (85%), decreased (46%) or no night shifts (34%), and working shifts earlier in pregnancy to cover later shifts (20%). Barriers to adjustments included staffing constraints (60%), equity concerns (45%), or impact on wellness (41%) among all residents and privacy (28%). PDs endorsed scheduling adjustments as important (mean 8.1, 0-10 scale) and reported guidance from graduate medical education governance would be useful (60%). Larger program size, but not PD gender or proportion of female residents, was associated with an increased likelihood of scheduling modifications. Twenty-five percent of PDs reported little knowledge of literature regarding night shift work and pregnancy. Qualitative themes supported quantitative findings. CONCLUSIONS: Most EM residency programs do not have formal scheduling policies for pregnant residents, but most PDs support making adjustments and do so informally. More education and guidance for PDs are needed to promote the development of formal policies

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Affiliations des auteurs : cf page 216 de l'articleInternational audienceComparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species

Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny

Comparative analysis of multiple genomes in a phylogenetic framework dramatically improves the precision and sensitivity of evolutionary inference, producing more robust results than single-genome analyses can provide. The genomes of 12 Drosophila species, ten of which are presented here for the first time (sechellia, simulans, yakuba, erecta, ananassae, persimilis, willistoni, mojavensis, virilis and grimshawi), illustrate how rates and patterns of sequence divergence across taxa can illuminate evolutionary processes on a genomic scale. These genome sequences augment the formidable genetic tools that have made Drosophila melanogaster a pre-eminent model for animal genetics, and will further catalyse fundamental research on mechanisms of development, cell biology, genetics, disease, neurobiology, behaviour, physiology and evolution. Despite remarkable similarities among these Drosophila species, we identified many putatively non-neutral changes in protein-coding genes, non-coding RNA genes, and cis-regulatory regions. These may prove to underlie differences in the ecology and behaviour of these diverse species