The Human side of organizational change : improving appropriation of project evolutions

This paper deals with the success of organisational change. Our empirical study starts with an illustration of our industrial problem: how to structure organisational change to ensure a future desired state is correctly appropriated. Based on an analysis of the literature, we propose considering organisational change as a dual appropriation process: the first at the company level and the second at an individual level. We then show that the project is a valid way to manage it and to structure a business' appropriation process. In order to support individual appropriation processes, we developed an approach consisting of managing individual change within the framework of projects. We propose the generic phasing of individual change management actions in relation to project phases, organisational and individual appropriation processes. Based on a three-year in-situ study of several major projects in a French aeronautical company, we verified the advantages of our approach with regard to organisational and individual appropriation

Integration of end-user needs into building design projects: use of boundary objects to overcome participatory design challenges

Participatory design is perceived as a way of improvement in both manufactured and building design. Nonetheless high level of user involvement has its limits. Part of the difficulties of the participatory design is due to the tacit nature of conventions that are shared between professionals. Boundary objects are described as an interesting tool to bridge those boundaries and should be investigated in the context of participatory design in building projects

New information system and approaches for product maintenance

International audienc

A maturity model to assess organisational readiness for change

The presented model which is developed in a European project allows project management teams to assess the organisational maturity to integrate new practices under structural or technological change. Maturity for change is defined here as workforce capability to operate effectively in transformed processes. This methodology is addressed to tackle organisational readiness to fulfil business objectives through technological and structural improvements. The tool integrates a set of evaluations structured in three main steps defined as maturity levels. The two first levels 'change impact mapping' and 'As Is and To-Be state comparison' allow identifying departments, organisational actors impacted and introduce evaluations characterising change in processes. The third level 'key factors evaluation' provides needed resources estimation and introduces new work process support. The innovative feature of this model is to integrate technical and human capability for organisational development. This paper brings a practical resource in process design.System for Mobile Maintenance Accessible in Real Tim

Une caractérisation des phases informelles en amont des projets d'innovation

International audienc

Actors' networks management for design co-ordination

In a worldwide context of collaborative development of new products and/or services, companies have to control the design process to increase design performance. Formal and informal networks of actors are activated during the very first phases of product development projects in order to define the company's partners in a more efficient way. Our goal is to study relationships between co-design projects and networks of partners in order to help project managers in setting up design teams. This leads to the identification of several driverswhich influence the actors' network use and leading. Drivers such as project organisational structure, concurrent engineering techniques, groupware-like and knowledge-based systems support and enhance such networks. We will base our experimental issues on an industrial case study from energy production sector. This industrial case explores the structure and the management of actors'networks

Study of user behaviour after eco-use feedback: the Green-Use Learning cycle (GLUC) as a new strategy for product eco-design.

The way users interact with systems requiring energy largely conditions their global environmental impact. Informing of the environmental consequences of usage of products/systems can generate increased awareness of its connection to environmental impacts, encouraging a change in user behaviour and resulting in products' global environmental impact. Various levels of product modification have been proposed, from simple information, through behaviour steering and persuasive technology. We focus on eco-feedback and distinguish three different modalities: neutral, positive and negative. Based on the conclusions of an experiment observing the consumption of paper towels, this article demonstrates: (1) An individual's general level of information about the environment has an influence on the effectiveness of the eco-feedback modality. (2) The effectiveness of a modality of eco-feedback diminishes over time. The potential of iterative user feedback combined with intelligent sensor embedded systems led to our defining the Green Use Learning Cycle as an innovative concept for eco-design. It underlines that products should be designed so that they can give feedback to users about the environmental performances of their usage (user adapts to product), and can analyse the dominant parameters of usage to be configured automatically to the environmental optimum throughout the life cycle (product adapts to user)

Les phases informelles en amont des projets de conception

National audienc

Integration of end-user needs into building design projects: use of boundary objects to overcome participatory design challenges

Participatory design is perceived as a way of improvement in both manufactured and building design. Nonetheless high level of user involvement has its limits. Part of the difficulties of the participatory design is due to the tacit nature of conventions that are shared between professionals. Boundary objects are described as an interesting tool to bridge those boundaries and should be investigated in the context of participatory design in building projects