Graft-take Success in Walnut Under Controlled Conditions and Plant Development in the Nursery

The production of walnut nursery plants is a complex process, being dependent upon a range of factors that affect graft-take success and behaviour of walnut plants in the nursery. The experiment included two parts. Three different treatments were used in the heated room under controlled air temperature and humidity conditions: Treatment 1-grafting without paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with sawdust up to the top of the scion; Treatment 2-grafting involving paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with sawdust up to the top of the scion; and Treatment 3-grafting involving paraffin treatment of the scion and graft union, coupled with covering the graft with both sawdust up to the top of the scion and polyethylene foil. The treatments were evaluated for their effect on graft-take success. Graft planting in the nursery was followed by two treatments: treatment without foliar fertilisation and treatment with foliar fertilisation. Under controlled conditions, treatment 3 induced a higher graft-take success as compared to the other two treatments, whereas foliar fertilisation in the nursery had a positive effect on the survival, production of class 1 plants and vegetative growth of walnut plants

Proizvodne osobine i kvalitet ploda novointrodukovanih sorti jagode

The paper presents results of the research into productive qualities and fruit quality of the ‘Clery, ‘Joly’ and ‘Dely’ strawberry cultivars, conducted during 2012 and 2013. The fruit mass and yield per crown were significantly higher in the ‘Joly’ cultivar. A significantly higher number of fruits per crown and higher yield per crown were recorded in the second year of harvest, whereas the fruit mass was significantly higher in the first year. The highest values of fruit quality parameters (RSM and total acidity) were recorded in the ‘Joly’ cultivar, whereas the highest values of the total sugars, pH and the RSM/total acidity ratio were recorded in the ‘Dely’ cultivar. A better chemical composition of the fruit of the examined cultivars was determined in 2012. In the overall result, the ‘Joly’ cultivar demonstrated the best productive qualities, whereas the ‘Dely’ cultivar was superior from the aspect of the fruit quality.U radu su prikazani rezultati dvogodišnjih proučavanja (2012−2013.) proizvodnih osobina i kvaliteta ploda jagode sorti ‘Clery’, ‘Joly’ i ‘Dely’. Vrednosti mase ploda i prinosa po bokoru bile su značajno veće kod sorte ‘Joly’. Značajno veći broj plodova po bokoru i prinos po bokoru zabeležen je u drugoj godini plodonošenja, dok je masa ploda bila značajno veća u prvoj godini. Najveće vrednosti parametara kvaliteta ploda (rastvorljiva suva materija i ukupna kiselost), zabeležene su kod sorte ‘Joly’, dok su najveće vrednosti sadržaja ukupnih šećera, pH i odnosa RSM/UK zabeležene kod sorte ‘Dely’. Hemisjki sastav ploda, svih proučavanih sorti, bio je izraženiji u 2012. godini. Ukupno posmatrano, najbolja proizvodna svojstva ispoljila je sorta ‘Joly’, dok je sa stanovišta kvaliteta ploda, superiornost pokazala sorta ‘Dely’

Pomološke i proizvodne osobine sorti crne ribizle (Ribes Nigrum L.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka

An experiment was conducted over a period of three years to examine the pomological and production properties of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) cultivars under the agroenvironmental conditions of Čačak. The research was conducted during 2012-2014 in an experimental black currant planting at the Fruit Research Institute, Čačak. Six black currant cultivars were used: ‘Ben Lomond’, ‘Ben Sarek’, ‘Titania’, ‘Čačanska Crna’ ‘Tisel’and ‘Tiben’. The cultivars exhibited differences in pomological and production traits. Bush volume was highest in ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Ben Lomond’, and lowest in ‘Ben Sarek’. The highest berry weight and cluster weight were obtained in 'Ben Sarek'. Cluster weight was also high in ‘Čačanska Crna’ and ‘Titania’. 'Tiben' and ‘Titania’ stood out in terms of high yields relative to the other tested cultivars. Soluble solids content was highest in ‘Tiben’ and ‘Tisel’, total sugar content in ‘Titania’, whereas the highest total acids content recorded in ‘Tisel’.U eksperimentu su tokom trogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja proučavane pomološke i proizvodne osobine sorti crne ribizle (Ribes nigrum L.) u agroekološkim uslovima Čačka. Eksperimentalna proučavanja obavljena su u periodu od 2012. do 2014. godine, u oglednom zasadu crne ribizle, u Instituta za voćarstvo, Čačak. Istraživanjima je obuhvaćeno šest sorti crne ribizle: Ben lomond, Ben sarek, Titanija, Čačanska crna, Tisel i Tiben. Ispitivane sorte su ispoljile značajne razlike u pogledu pomoloških i proizvodnih osobina. Najveća zapremina žbuna zabeležena je kod sorti Čačanska crna i Ben lomond, a najmanja kod sorte Ben sarek. Sa druge strane, sorta Ben sarek se odlikovala najvećom masom bobica i masom grozda. Velika masa grozda zabeležena je i kod sorti Čačanska crna i Titanija. Sorte Tiben i Titanija izdvojile su se po visokim prinosima u poređenju sa ostalim ispitivanim sortama. Najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije utvrđen je kod sorti Tiben i Tisel, sadržaj ukupnih šećera kod sorte Titanija, dok je najveći sadržaj ukupnih kiselina registrovan kod sorte Tisel

Biologija cvetanja i oprašivanja oraha

Common walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a monoecious, herkogamous, anemophilous, heterodichogamous and autofertile plant. Study of the sexual cycle of the walnut is hindered by the presence of a relatively long juvenile period and high genetic diversity, so that many questions in the field of reproductive biology of the walnut still remained unresolved. This paper gives an overview of current knowledge regarding the sexual process of walnut, with the focus on the morphology of staminate and pistillate flowers, the dynamics of their opening, as well as ecological and physiological aspects of dichogamy, pollen transfer, stigmas receptivity, pollen germination, pollen tube growth in the pistil, singamia, apomixis and pistillate flower abortion.Obični orah (Juglans regia L.) je monoecijska, herkogama, anemofilna, heterodihogama i autofertilna biljka. Proučavanje polnog ciklusa oraha otežano je usled prisustva relativno dugog juvenilnog perioda i velike genetske raznolikosti, pa su mnoga pitanja iz oblasti reproduktivne biologije oraha ostala i dalje nerazjašnjena. U radu je dat prikaz dosadašnjih saznanja u vezi sa polnim procesom oraha, pri čemu je težište stavljeno na građu muških i ženskih cvetova, dinamiku njihovog otvaranja, kao i ekološke i fiziološke aspekte dihogamije, transfera polena, receptivnosti žigova, klijanja polena, rasta polenove cevi u tučku, singamije, apomiksisa i abortiranja ženskih cvetova

Uticaj biohemijskog sastava ploda na senzoričku ocenu kvaliteta ploda novointrodukovanih sorti jagode

The paper presents the results of the study conducted into the impact made by biochemical composition on sensory appraisal of the fruits of the ʻClery’, ʻJoly’ and ʻDely’ strawberry cultivars in the period 2012–2013. In 2012 a significantly higher content of total sugars was recorded in ʻDely’ and ʻClery’ cultivars, compared to ʻJoly’ cultivar. In 2013, a significantly higher content of total and reduced sugars were determined in the ʻJoly’ and ʻDely’ cultivar compared to ‘Clery’. Within the scope of the two years of research, the highest contents of sucrose was recorded in the ‘Joly’ strawberry cultivar. In the first trial year, the highest content of total acids was recorded in the ‘Clery’ cultivar, whereas in the second trial year the highest total acids content was found in the ‘Joly’ cultivar. A high cumulative grade for the sensory quality of fruit was attained by the ‘Joly’ cultivar, whereas the lowest cumulative grade was given to the ʻClery’ cultivar in both trial years. Considering the best score for the biochemical composition and sensory quality of the fruit, the ‘Joly’ cultivar can be recommended for more intensive use in the production practice.U radu su prikazani rezultati proučavanja uticaja biohemijskog sastava ploda na senzoričku ocenu kvaliteta ploda jagode sorti ʻClery’, ʻJoly’ i ʻDely’ u periodu 2012–2013. godina. Značajno viši sadržaj ukupnih šećera registrovan je kod sorti ʻDely’ i ʻClery’ u poređenju sa sortom ʻJoly’, u 2012. godini. U 2013. godini, značajno viši sadržaj ukupnih i invertnih šećera evidentiran je kod sorti ʻJoly’ i ʻDely’ u odnosu na sortu ‘Clery’. U dvogodišnjem periodu istraživanja, najveća vrednost sadržaja saharoze evidentirana je u plodu jagode sorte ʻJoly’. U prvoj godini istraživanja, najviši sadržaj ukupnih kiselina zabeležen je kod sorte ʻClery’, a u drugoj godini istraživanja kod sorte ʻJoly’. Visoke zbirne ocene za senzorički kvalitet ploda ostvarila je sorta ʻJoly’, a najniže zbirne ocene sorta ʻClery’, u obe godine istraživanja. Najbolje rezultate u pogledu biohemijskog sastava i senzoričkog kvaliteta ploda ostvarila je sorta ʻJoly’, pa se ova sorta može preporučiti za intenzivnije širenje u proizvodnoj praksi

Influence of fertigation on generative potential and pomological properties of different apple cultivars

The paper presents an investigation into the influence of fertigation on generative potential parameters and pomological properties of apple fruits. The study was done in apple orchard of Fruit Research Institute Cacak (Serbia) over two-year period (2009–2011) on three cultivars (\u27Morens Jonagored\u27, \u27Gloster\u27 and \u27Granny Smith\u27). Fertigation included fertilizers NPK 16:8:32, NPK 12:0:43 and PGPR – inoculum of diazotrophic bacterium Klebsiella. Results of the study suggest that fertigation with 12:0:43 NPK fertilizer had the most pronounced effect on all generative potential parameters, except abundance of flowering (initial fruit set – 3.71; final fruit set – 3.31). Similarly, this fertilizer had the same effect on all yield parameters in the apple cultivars studied, i.e. yield per tree – 9.60 kg/tree, yield per unit land area – 24.40 t/ha, cumulative yield – 19.20 kg/tree, cumulative yield 48.00 t/ha and yield efficiency – 0.77 kg/cm2. Mineral fertilizer NPK 16:8:32 gave the highest abundance of flowering (4.51). In terms of pomological properties the applied fertilizers had a significant effect on fruit weight (239.05 g), soluble solids content (14.78%) and ripeness degree (4.75)

Biološko-proizvodne osobine sorte jagode‘Leatitia’ na području Čačka

The paper presents results of the research of vegetative and generative potential, phenological properties and fruit quality of the promising strawberry cultivar ‘Leatitia’ in the 2016–2017 period. Significantly higher values of all tested parameters of vegetative, generative potential, productivity and fruit mass were determined in the second experimental year. High firmness values were determined in both years of the research, while significantly higher phenolics content and antioxidative capacity were registered in the fruits the second year after planting. Spread of the strawberry cultivar ‘Leatitia’ in production practices can be recommended primarily because of the late ripening, high productivity and very high quality of fruits.U radu su prikazani rezultati ispitivanja vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, fenoloških osobina i kvaliteta ploda perspektivne sorte jagode ‘Leatitia’ u periodu 2016–2017. godine. U drugoj eksprimentalnoj godini, utvrđene su značajno više vrednosti svih ispitivanih parametara vegetativnog, generativnog potencijala, produktivnosti i mase ploda. Visoke vrednosti čvrstine ploda utvrđene su u obe godine istraživanja, dok su značajno veći fenolni sadržaj i antioksidativni kapacitet registrovani u plodovima jagode u drugoj godini nakon sadnje. Širenje sorte jagode ‘Leatitia’ u proizvodnjoj praksi može se preporučiti prevashodno zbog kasnog vremena zrenja, visoke rodnosti i veoma kvalitetnog ploda

Research into service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) population in eastern Serbia

All fruit tree populations along with the service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) population offer a wealth of diverse genetic material which is essential for the selection and creation of new cultivars and rootstocks. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the service tree population in Eastern Serbia in order to single out good selections whose fruit can be used fresh or processed in the human diet, as well as genotypes suitable for the development of new cultivars and rootstocks. The service tree population was analyzed for tree age, tree size and major fruit properties (shape, size and soluble solids content). Small-sized, medium to large and large fruits ranging in weight from 7.5-9.8 g, 10.3-18.6 g and 21.7-25.6 g were found in 52.3%, 41.1% and 6.60% trees, respectively, within the test population. Fruit length was 18.6-33.4 mm, fruit thickness 22.8-37.4 mm, stalk length 1.8-3.7 mm, soluble solids content 15.7-22.5%. The study also presents properties of some superior trees which require greater attention in terms of propagation, collection activities and commercial cultivation. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 20013A

Pomološko-tehnološke osobine selekcionisanih klonova Oblačinske višnje

The paper looks at 7 clones of ’Oblačinska’ sour cherry with favourable pomological and technological properties. Fruit weight, soluble solids, total sugars and total acids in fruits of the clones investigated ranged 2.3 g (K-61)–3.4 g (K- 73), 17.0% (K-49 and K-50)–20.5% (K-73), 14.1% (K-70)–17.9% (K-49) and 2.00% (K-73)–2.24% (K-50), respectively. Sugar and acid ratio ranged between 6.5 (K-50) and 8.6 (K-61), which is a favourable property from the standpoint of technology of processing. All the clones selected deserve attention as they may add to the preservation of biodiversity and gene bank, and are suitable for commercial growing within an organised production framework.U radu je izdvojeno i opisano 7 klonova Oblačinske višnje koji se karakterišu povoljnim pomološkim i tehnološkim osobinama. Plodovi ispitivanih klonova odlikovali su se masom od 2,3 g (K-61) do 3,4 g (K-73), sadržajem rastvorljivih suvih materija od 17,0% (K-49 i K-50 ) do 20,5% (K-73), sadržajem ukupnih šećera od 14,1% (K-70) do 17,9% (K-49) i sadržaj ukupnih kiselina od 2,00% (K-73) do 2,24% (K-50). Indeks slasti kretao se od 6,5 (K- 50) do 8,6 (K-61), što predstavlja povoljnu osobina sa stanovišta tehnologije prerade. Svi odabrani klonovi zaslužuju pažnju kako u očuvanju biodiverziteta i formiranja banke gene, tako i za komercijalno gajenje u organizovanoj proizvodnji

Efekti hemijskog proređivanja cvetova višanja

The paper presents the results of chemical thinning of sour cherry flowers of the Šumadinka and the Čačanski rubin cultivars. The treatments were performed in the full flowering phase, using 0.0025% concentration of the LG-GER- ATS (ammonium thiosulphate). Following the application of the LG-GER-ATS, the number of set fruits was reduced by 9.8% and 8.0% for the Šumadinka and Čačanski rubin cultivars respectively, compared to trees receiving no treatment. The thinning of the flowers had an impact on the increase of the fruit mass by 19.1% and 10.9% in the Šumadinka and the Čačanski rubin cultivars respectively. Trees treated with LG-GER-ATS recorded a higher yield in both years of trial – the yield in Šumadinka cultivar was higher by 20.7% per tree, while the yield of the Čačanski rubin cultivar was higher by 17.1% per tree.U radu su prikazani rezultati hemijskog proređivanja cvetova višanja, sorti Šumadinke i Čačanski rubin. Tretiranja su obavljena u fazi punog cvetanja preparatom LG-GER- ATS (amonijum tiosulfat) u koncentraciji od 0,25%. Primenom preparata LG-GER-ATS smanjen je broj zametnutih plodova za 9,8% kod sorte Šumadinka i za 8,0% kod sorte Čačanski rubin u odnosu na netretirana stabla. Proređivanje cvetova uticalo je na povećanje mase plodova za 19,1% kod sorte Šumadinka i za 10,9% kod sorte Čačanski rubin, dok se sadržaj rastvorljivih suvih materija u plodovima nije bitnije razlikovao između ispitivanih tretmana. Stabla tretirana amonijum tiosulfatom ostvarila su veće prinosi u obe godine ispitivanja za 20,7% po stablu ili 26,5% po jedinici površine kod sorte Šumadinka i za 17,1% po stablu ili 19,6% po jedinici površine kod sorte Čačanski rubin