Raspodjela lindana u vodi, sedimentu i ribama iz rijeke Warri (Delta Nigera, Nigerija)

This paper is the first attempt to quantify the levels and the distribution pattern of lindane in the surface water, sediment and fish (Chrysichthys furcatus and Tilapia zilli). The samples were collected from three stations (Ovwian, Ekakpamre, and Ovu) of the Warri River in the western Niger Delta of Nigeria in 2006: during the dry (January-April) and wet seasons (May-August). The analysis included a total of 96 samples made up of 24 samples each for water, sediment, and fish. The pesticide levels were analysed using high performance liquid chromatography to elucidate its distribution in various environmental compartments. Residue levels in the matrices ranged from below the detection limit (BDL) to 1.37µg L-1 in water, BDL to 12.66 µg g-1 dry weight (dw) in sediment, BDL to 16.67 µg g-1dw in Chrysichthys furcatus, and BDL to 0.15 µg g-1dw in Tilapia zilli .The observed values were above the ecological benchmarks (0.01 µg L-1) recommended by the Nigerian Environmental Protection Agency and European Union. They were also relatively higher than in previous studies on the Nigerian environment, which calls for regular monitoring of the Niger Delta water bodies.Istražene su pojava i raspodjela lindana u površinskoj vodi, sedimentu i dvije vrste riba Chrysichthys furcatus i Tilapia zilli iz rijeke Warri u zapadnom dijelu delte Nigera (Nigerija). Uzorci su skupljeni 2006. godine na tri postaje (Ovwian, Ekakpamre i Ovu) tijekom sušne (siječanj - travanj) i vlažne sezone (svibanj - kolovoz). Analizirano je ukupno 96 uzoraka: po 24 uzorka vode, sedimenta i riba. Razine pesticida odre|ene su primjenom tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC) te je utvr|ivana njihova raspodjela u različitim dijelovima okoliša. Koncentracije rezidua u uzorcima vode bile su u rasponu: ispod granice detekcije (BDL) do 1,37 µg L-1, u sedimentu: BDL do 12,66 µg g-1 suhe tvari, u ribama Chrysichthys furcatus: BDL do 16,67 µg g-1 suhe tvari te Tilapia zilli: BDL do 0,15 µg g-1 suhe tvari. Određene vrijednosti bile su ispod graničnih vrijednosti (0,01 µg L-1) propisanih od Nigerijske uprave za zaštitu okoliša i Europske unije. Kako su dobivene vrijednosti bile relativno više u odnosu na podatke iz ranijih istraživanja okoliša u Nigeriji, istaknuta je potreba trajnog monitoringa vodotoka u delti Nigera

Germination of downy brome from southern Kansas, central Oklahoma, and north Texas

Mature downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) seeds collected in Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas in mid-June did not germinate at summer temperatures even when supplied with adequate moisture. The after-ripening of seeds for 3 months produces germination of 50% or more in most populations, as does subjecting fresh seeds to November temperature regimes. These results are similar to those reported for downy brome seeds from eastern Washington, central Idaho, and central California in which fresh seeds are dormant. They differ from those reported for seeds from Montana, northern California, northern and western Nevada, southern Idaho, and northern Utah in which fresh seeds germinate at high percentages. Dormancy of fresh seeds from the Southern Great Plains delays downy brome germination until the fall season at which time rainfall and other climatic conditions are more favorable for its survival.This material was digitized as part of a cooperative project between the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries.The Journal of Range Management archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform August 202

Use of postexcision preirradiation mammography in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast treated with breast-conserving therapy.

PURPOSE: Postexcision preirradiation mammography (PPM) is frequently performed in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) treated with breast-conserving therapy (BCT) to evaluate for residual suspicious calcifications; but no clear evidence supports this practice. The current study was undertaken to investigate the value of PPM in the management of patients with DCIS. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We conducted a retrospective review of patients treated for DCIS with BCT at the University of Pennsylvania. The impact of PPM on surgical management and on local recurrence was evaluated. Factors associated with the use of PPM, the results of PPM, and the likelihood of finding residual malignancy at the time of re-excision in patients with PPM were also examined. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four of 281 patients (51%) underwent PPM. Of the 144 patients who received PPM, 34 (24%; 95% confidence interval, 17%-31%) had residual suspicious calcifications (a positive PPM ). Of the 34 patients with a positive PPM, all underwent a re-excision and 19 (56%; 95% confidence interval, 35%-70%) were found to have residual malignancy. Ten of 34 patients with a positive PPM had negative margins, of which 6 had a residual malignancy. Assuming all patients with close, positive, or indeterminate surgical margins would have undergone re-excision regardless of the findings of PPM, PPM resulted in a change in surgical management in 7% (10/144) of patients and removal of residual DCIS in 4% (6/144). With a median follow-up of 9.5 years, the use of PPM was not associated with an improvement in 10-year local recurrence-free survival (94.8% vs 91.5%, P = .368). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, PPM affected surgical management in only a small percentage of patients and had no impact on local recurrence. The routine use of PPM in women undergoing BCT for DCIS may not be warranted

In vivo performance of an acellular disc-like angle ply structure (DAPS) for total disc replacement in a small animal model

Total intervertebral disc replacement with a biologic engineered disc may be an alternative to spinal fusion for treating end-stage disc disease. In previous work, we developed disc-like angle ply structures (DAPS) that replicate the structure and function of the native disc and a rat tail model to evaluate DAPS in vivo. Here, we evaluated a strategy in which, after in vivo implantation, endogenous cells could colonize the acellular DAPS and form an extracellular matrix organized by the DAPS topographical template. To do so, acellular DAPS were implanted into the caudal spines of rats and evaluated over 12 weeks by mechanical testing, histology, and microcomputed tomography. An external fixation device was used to stabilize the implant site and various control groups were included to evaluate the effect of immobilization. There was robust tissue formation within the DAPS after implantation and compressive mechanical properties of the implant matched that of the native motion segment. Immobilization provided a stable site for fibrous tissue formation after either a discectomy or a DAPS implantation, but bony fusion eventually resulted, with segments showing intervertebral bridging after long-term implantation, a process that was accelerated by the implanted DAPS. Thus, while compressive mechanical properties were replicated after DAPS implantation, methods to actively prevent fusion must be developed. Future work will focus on limiting fusion by remobilizing the motion segment after a period of integration, delivering pro-chondrogenic factors, and pre-seeding DAPS with cells prior to implantation. (C) 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc