Randomised controlled trial comparing efficacy and safety of high versus low Low-Molecular Weight Heparin dosages in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and coagulopathy not requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (COVID-19 HD): a structured summary of a study protocol.

To assess whether high doses of Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) (i.e. Enoxaparin 70 IU/kg twice daily) compared to standard prophylactic dose (i.e., Enoxaparin 4000 IU once day), in hospitalized patients with COVID19 not requiring Invasive Mechanical Ventilation [IMV], are: a)more effective in preventing clinical worsening, defined as the occurrence of at least one of the following events, whichever comes first: 1.Death2.Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI]3.Objectively confirmed, symptomatic arterial or venous thromboembolism [TE]4.Need of either: a.Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (Cpap) or Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV) orb.IMV in patients who at randomisation were receiving standard oxygen therapy5.IMV in patients who at randomisation were receiving non-invasive mechanical ventilationb)Similar in terms of major bleeding risk TRIAL DESIGN: Multicentre, randomised controlled, superiority, open label, parallel group, two arms (1:1 ratio), in-hospital study

An IoT-based User-centric Ecosystem for Heterogeneous Smart Home Environments

Recent innovations in the ICT field are strongly focused towards the Internet of Things, which will definitely lead to an enhancement also in the domestic environments. Low- power and low-cost devices are expected to create network of interconnected smart objects able to transform our homes into real Smart Homes. However, the heterogeneity of the underlying technologies prevents these smart objects to natively interoperate for adapting the environment to users’ needs. In addition, common users are often excluded from the development of new applicative services that exploit physical devices, as they do not have sufficient programming and technological skills. To overcome these limitations, we propose a software ecosystem that allows different-skilled users to develop location-aware services able to autonomously manage the Smart Home. These services control the environment in accordance with user-defined rules and the users’ location, calculated by exploiting an indoor localization mechanism. In addition, to directly interact with smart devices, users can also define customized interfaces for mobile devices. Finally, a multi-protocol middleware allows both the services and the mobile applications to access the physical network hiding the underlying heterogeneities. As a proof-of- concept, the first implementation steps are presented

A Software Architecture Enabling the Web of Things

The Internet of Things will include billions of smart “things” connected to the Web and characterized by sensing, actuating, and data processing capabilities. In this context, also known as Web of Things, the user should ideally be able to collect information provided by smart things, and to mash-up them to obtain value-added services. However, in the current solutions, the access to physical objects is poorly scalable and efficient, the communications are often unidirectional (from the devices to the users), and only tech-savvy people are able to develop mash-up applications. Based on these assumptions, we propose a software architecture to easily mash-up CoAP resources. It is able to discover the available devices and to virtualize them outside the physical network. These virtualizations are then exposed to the upper layers by a RESTful interface, so that the physical devices interact only with their own virtualization. Furthermore, the system provides simplified tools allowing the development of mash-up applications to different-skilled users. Finally, the architecture allows not only to monitor but also to control the devices, so establishing a bidirectional communication channel. To evaluate the proposal, we deeply modify and integrate some existing software components to realize an instance of the architecture

A novel Rule-based Semantic Architecture for IoT Building Automation Systems

The ever growing number of smart devices connected to the Internet of Things is giving users the chance to sense data from surrounding environment and act upon it. However, interpreting raw data coming from heterogeneous sensors and applying control algorithms to actuators is not a simple task for the common end-user who wants to create applications for smart environments. For these reasons, this work deals with the definition of a novel rule-based semantic architecture for the implementation of building automation applications in an IoT context. Sensor data are abstracted at a high semantic level related to the properties they are associated to and interactions with actuators are driven by high-level desired actions. Applications have the form of an Event- Condition-Action (ECA) rule and the layered architecture separates high-level semantic reasoning aspects from low-level execution details. The proposed architecture is also compared with main state-of-the-art solutions and some suitable technologies for its implementation are suggested

A Location-aware Architecture for Heterogeneous Building Automation Systems

Smart Objects and Smart Environments are expected to become two of the leaders of the future Internet of Things. In this context, the Smart Homes are getting more and more attention, since people are very attracted by the idea of a home environment able to automatically meet their needs. However, the heterogeneity of the smart devices, the difficulty in automating the user-home interaction, and the poor involvement of the users in the development process of new services and applications still represent very debated issues. So, in this paper, we propose an architecture able to overcome the heterogeneity of smart devices and that can be easily extended to new future technologies. To maximize the User Experience, the proposed architecture automatically manages the environment basing on users-defined rules and on people movements, by exploiting an indoor location service based on Bluetooth Low Energy. Finally, the system also provides a simplified development tool that allows even common users to develop new services for Smart Homes and mobile applications to directly interact with the home environment. As a proof-of-concept, the first development steps are described in this paper

An Android Multi-protocol Application for Heterogeneous Building Automation Systems

According to the emerging concept of the Internet of Things, the next generation of the Internet will be a seamless integration of physical smart objects, interacting among them and with the surrounding environment. In this perspective, smart homes are receiving an increasing interest, since they can provide several useful services to end-users. Furthermore, with the widespread diffusion of mobile devices (i.e., smartphones, tablets), the capability to control and manage smart homes through them is becoming a primary requirement. Starting from these considerations, in this paper, we propose a flexible approach that allows, exploiting an Android device, to efficiently manage a building automation system composed of heterogeneous smart devices. Our solution is based on the semantic description of both the home automation system and the device functionalities. Leveraging such a description, the GUI and the business logic of an Android application is dynamically configured without any user effort. Moreover, in order to enable devices interoperation, a software smart gateway is integrated in the application so as providing a transparent access to the heterogeneous underlying technologies. The effectiveness of the proposal is evaluated through a real use case in which KNX and CoAP devices are involved

An IoT-aware System for Elderly Monitoring

The aging population is a global phenomenon, characterized by many interesting challenges. In this context, the Internet of Things technologies could allow to analyze the elderly’s behavioral in an unobtrusive way, thus helping to prevent Mild Cognitive Impairment and frailty problems. To this end, this work aims to define a reliable system for controlling the position and the body motility of the elderly in low-cost and low- power way. Movements and body motility are, indeed, good indicators of behavioral changes. The system represents the basis of a complete architecture for behavioral analysis and risk detection developed within the City4Age project, funded by the Horizon 2020 Programme of the European Commission

Il ruolo dello standard KNX nell'impiantistica

Lo standard KNX offre la possibilità di migliorare e ottimizzare il consumo energetico e il comfort soprattutto nel building automation di grandi strutture pubbliche e aziendali dove il controllo capillare di dispositivi e impianti tecnologici rappresenta un’attività onerosa

A novel architecture enabling the visual implementation of Web of Things applications

The concept of Internet of Things is becoming one of the key aspects for the future Internet, where embedded devices will be responsible for collecting data from the surrounding environment and making them available to useful mash-up applications. In order to guarantee a high feasibility of this scenario, it would be appropriate to have a flexible and intuitive architecture for the implementation of such applications without knowing specific details about the constrained hardware and operating system. Therefore, in this work, a software system for the graphical development of mash-up applications, dedicated to Wireless Sensor Networks, was designed and implemented. It is based on a Constrained Application Protocol application server, called Actinium, and on a graphical editor, called ClickScript. Especially the latter one has been substantially modified in order to communicate with Actinium and to interact with the constrained resources made available by the WSN. The effectiveness of the proposed solution has been tested through a real use case that has demonstrated the validity of the whole system

Performance Evaluation of UHF RFID tags in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

The item-level tagging is one of the main challenges in the pharmaceutical distribution in order to improve track and trace systems. The RFID technology will play a very important role in development of auto-identification solutions. In this paper, we focus on the use of passive UHF tags, in order to analyze a performance comparison between near field and far field UHF RFID systems. Some different passive UHF tags, suitably chosen, have been tested at item-level, i.e. on each single medicine package, simulating each stage of the pharmaceutical supply chain in a controlled laboratory environment. The obtained experimental results, in terms of successful read rates, have shown that the use of passive far field UHF tags represents an advantage solution to guarantee high performance in an item-level tracing system in the whole supply chain