Setting benchmarks for modelling gas–surface interactions using coherent control of rotational orientation states

A fundamental and predictive understanding of molecule-surface interactions is challenging to obtain. Here the authors report an experimental technique allowing direct measurement of the scattering matrix, which reports on the coherent evolution of quantum states of a molecule scattering from a surface

Economic contributions of the Ottoman Bank in the Ottoman Empire and the Turkish Republic

WOS: 000444369900013The Ottoman Bank had a special place in the Ottoman Empire during the development of monetary and credit institutions. Founded in 1863, the Ottoman Bank functioned as the central bank for many subjects in the Ottoman Empire, and the bank is an interesting example of the role of foreign capital control over finance and the economy. The Ottoman Bank handled treasury operations until the establishment of the Central Bank and continued to protect the state bank statue. In this chapter, the duties and economic effects of the Ottoman Bank, which started in the Ottoman Empire and continued in the Republic of Turkey, will be discussed in the historical process