Análise do ruído e intervenção fonoaudiológica em ambiente escolar: rede privada e pública de ensino regular

Objetivo : mensurar os níveis de ruído, durante o ano letivo, em duas salas de aula do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental, sendo uma da rede privada de ensino e outra da rede pública, frequentadas por alunos deficientes auditivos usuários de implante coclear; analisar se os níveis de ruídos encontrados estão de acordo com a Norma Brasileira, NBR 10.152 da ABNT (1990), e discutir com a equipe escolar estratégias que minimizem o impacto do ruído, na aprendizagem dos alunos deficientes auditivos.Métodos : foram realizadas oito mensurações do nível de ruído, empregando um dosímetro, modelo 1444, em cada sala de aula, sendo uma sala da rede privada e outra da rede pública de ensino. Concomitantemente às mensurações de ruído, foram feitas reuniões com os professores e gestores.Resultados : verificou-se que os níveis de ruído presente na rede pública variaram entre 74,3 e 79 dB (A) e que, na rede privada, os níveis de ruído variaram entre 76,1 e 80,9 dB (A). Também foram realizadas 8 reuniões em cada escola.Conclusão : diante dos dados, notaram-se elevados índices de ruído em ambiente escolar, não ocorrendo diferenças estatísticas entre as redes pública e privada de ensino regular. Com relação às reuniões mensais, foi possível observar que os educadores adotaram estratégias que auxiliam a comunicação no ambiente escolar. É evidente a necessidade da aquisição de recurso tecnológico de acessibilidade para alunos deficientes auditivos que utilizam a comunicação oral, o sistema de frequência modulada

ANALISIS PENGARUH LIKUIDITAS, LEVERAGE, DAN PROFITABILITAS TERHADAP LABA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh likuiditas, leverage dan profitabilitas terhadap laba yang dimiliki oleh PT.Gajah Tunggal Tbk. selama periode 1997-2008.Pengujian hipotesis ini menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, Uji F, dan Uji t.Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa likuiditas, leverage dan profitabilitas secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap laba sedangkan bila dilihat dari uji t yang memiliki pengaruh dominant terhadap laba yang diperoleh PT.Gajah Tunggal Tbk. selama periode 1997-2008 adalah profitabilitas dengan menggunakan rasio NPM (Net Profit Margin)

Sociodemographic and health factors associated with chronic pain in institutionalized elderly

OBJECTIVES: to characterize chronic pain in institutionalized elderly and verify the associated factors.METHOD: observational, cross-sectional and non-experimental study with a quantitative approach. The study participants were 124 elderly living in Long-Term Care Institutions for the Elderly (LTCIs) in a city in Minas Gerais (Brazil). Approval for the project was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee. The elderly's clinical and sociodemographic variables and pain-related aspects were assessed. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis (chi-squared).RESULTS: the prevalence of chronic pain corresponded to 58.1%; for more than 10 years (26.4%); in lower limbs (31.9%); characterized as "twinges" (33.3%); 33.3% adopted medication treatment; the pain did not improve (41.7 %); or worsen (34.7 %). It was evidenced that elderly aged 60├ 70 old had 70% less chances of chronic pain than those aged 80 years and older (p=0.018).CONCLUSION: institutionalized elderly have a high prevalence of chronic pain, mainly in the lower limbs. No factors of pain improvement or worsening were identified and medication was evidenced as the preferred treatment. Age showed to be associated with the presence of pain. It is considered important to accomplish multiprofessional actions at the LTCIs to guide prevention and rehabilitation actions of the pain episodes in these elderly

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged).Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editin

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.The French contribution to X-IFU is funded by CNES, CNRS and CEA. This work has been also supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency) through the Contract 2019-27-HH.0, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) Contract No. 4000114932/15/NL/BW and the AREMBES - ESA CTP No.4000116655/16/NL/BW. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 and PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033