MAPEAMENTO DOS GRUPOS DE PESQUISA DO CNPq NA ÁREA DE ENGENHARIAS E COMPUTAÇÃO

Diretório dos Grupos de Pesquisa no Brasil constitui-se no inventário dos grupos de pesquisa científica e tecnológica em atividade no País, funciona como eficiente instrumento para o intercâmbio e a troca de informações. Neste contexto, a proposta desse artigo é efetuar o mapeamento dos grupos de pesquisa na grande área de Engenharia e Computação cadastrados no CNPq, com intuito de avaliar sua evolução, quantitativo e situação nas regiões brasileiras e seus respectivos Estados. Para realização desse estudo utilizou-se o banco de dados Painéis de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). O mapeamento foi realizado no mês de Novembro de 2015. Foram contabilizados os grupos de pesquisa por grande área e área de Engenharias e Computação. Observou-se que houve crescimento desses respectivos grupos de pesquisa, predominando o aumento na região Sudeste, em especial no estado de São Paulo

Soil CO2 efflux in coffee agroforestry and full-sun coffee systems

Agroforestry systems may show low CO2 efflux, and CO2 efflux contributes to sustainability. This work aimed to evaluate the soil CO2 efflux in coffee plantations cultivated in agroforestry and full-sun systems during the winter in high-altitude tropical climate regions. The work was carried out at three family farms (RO, GI, and PA) in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two treatments were established: coffee with and without trees, and 20 sampling spots for soil and gases. The air and soil temperatures in the agroforestry systems were lower than in the full-sun systems. The soil moisture content in agroforestry systems was higher than full-sun only on the GI. Except for the agroforestry systems in PA, all the other systems showed an increase in CO2 efflux with increasing soil moisture. This increase was more pronounced in agroforestry systems (RO), followed by full sun (RO). On the GI farm, this correlation was lower in the agroforestry system. Soil CO2 efflux was positively correlated with soil temperature and negatively correlated with total nitrogen, labile carbon and total organic carbon. Therefore, despite the microclimate stability promoted by the agroforestry systems in the winter, no decrease in the soil CO2 efflux was observed when compared to full sun systems

Monitoramento pós-mercado dos testes rápidos para COVID-19: enfrentamento da pandemia:

Introduction: In December 2019, the  first group of patients with symptoms of atypical pneumonia was discovered in Wuhan, China. On January 7, 2020, the etiologic agent was identified; it was a new betacoronavirus, genetically similar to SARS-CoV-1, consisting of a simple RNA strand, an enveloped virus of 50-200nm in diameter, which was called SARS-CoV-2. Soon after, the disease was named COVID-19. On January 30, WHO declared a Public Health Emergency of International Importance due to the spread of the coronavirus. Tests for serological detection of IgM and IgG antibodies are those that provide an estimate of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2, highlighting the Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDT), simple and accessible with a result within 5-30 minutes, based on sensitization of antigens/antibodies conjugated to colloidal gold capturing specific proteins present in the infected serum, plasma or blood. Objective: This work aims to show the analysis carried out with RDT for COVID-19 diagnosis in compliance with the current legislation from 02.04 to 18.08.2020. Method: In March of 2020, 25 serum/plasma samples were donated, without any identification. These samples were the remaining samples of tests performed on individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the RT-PCR technique from health services (National Institute of Infectious Diseases Evandro Chagas – INI and State Institute of the Brain Paulo Niemeyer – IEC) located in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. The samples obtained in order to become a serological panel were stored at -20ºC until the moment of use. Simultaneously, a panel of samples with confirmed reactivity for IgM and IgG antibodies from COVID-19 was being made, throughout the pandemic and the samples used were evaluated against three Rapid Tests, of different antigenic compositions or different brands; two ELISA tests for IgM and IgG; two chemiluminescence tests and when applicable, a molecular test. In order to assess the specificity of the products sent, surplus donation plasma samples were selected, known to be negative for HIV, HTLV, hepatitis b and c, chagas and syphilis, collected between 2013 and 2014, in the southern regions of the country, period in which SARS-CoV-2 was nonexistent in the world. In addition to True Positive (VP) and True Negative (VN) samples, interfering serum or plasma samples with reactivity for HIV, HCV, HTLV, HBsAg, chagas disease, syphilis and dengue were also included in the evaluation. Results:  Out of 178 TR lots, 74.1%, 132 lots were from China and 25.9%, 46 TR lots were from Brazil; Germany; South Korea; Canada; USA; Singapore; Ireland and Switzerland. The analytical result showed that 57.0%, 101 TR lots obtained a Satisfactory result and 43%, 77 lots had Unsatisfactory results, when compared to the Sensitivity and Specificity values declared by the manufacturer, in the Instructions for Use. Conclusions:The results obtained show the need for constant monitoring of TRs for COVID-19 with the primary purpose of guaranteeing the quality of products sold in the country, one of the National Health Surveillance System pillars of action.  Introdução: Em dezembro de 2019, foi descoberto na cidade de Wuhan, China, um primeiro grupo de pacientes com sintomas de uma pneumonia atípica. Em 7 de janeiro de 2020, o seu agente etiológico foi identificado: tratava-se de um novo betacoronavírus, geneticamente similar ao SARS-CoV-1, constituído defita simples de RNA, vírus envelopado de 50-200 nm de diâmetro designado como SARS-CoV-2, e a doença foi denominada COVID-19. Em 30 de janeiro, a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional em razão da disseminação desse novo vírus. Os testes para detecção sorológica de anticorpos IgM e IgG fornecem uma estimativa da resposta imune ao SARS-CoV-2, com destaque para os Testes Rápidos (TR) que são simples e acessíveis fornecendo resultados em 5-30 min. Esses testes são sensibilizados com antígenos/anticorpos conjugados ao ouro coloidal, capturando proteínas específicas presentes no soro, plasma ou sangue de pacientes infectados. Objetivo: Demonstrar a análise efetuada nos TR para diagnóstico da COVID-19, em atendimento a legislação vigente, no período de 2 de abril a 18 de agosto de 2020. Método: Durante o mês de março de 2020, foram cedidas 25 amostras de soro/plasma, sem qualquer identificação, excedentes dos testes efetuados em indivíduos com diagnóstico confirmado de infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 pela técnica de RT-PCR provenientes de serviços de saúde (InstitutoNacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas – INI e Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer – IEC) localizados na região metropolitana do estado do Rio de Janeiro. As amostras obtidas para a confecção de painel sorológico foram armazenadas a -20ºC até o momento do uso. Concomitantemente, um painel de amostras com reatividade confirmada para anticorpos IgM e IgG da COVID-19 foi sendo confeccionado ao longo da pandemia e as amostras utilizadas foram avaliadas frente a três TR, de diferentes composições antigênicas ou diferentes marcas; dois testes ELISA para IgM e IgG; dois testes de quimioluminescência e quando aplicável, um teste molecular. Para avaliação da especificidade dos produtos encaminhados, foram selecionadas amostras de plasma excedentes de doação, sabidamente negativas para HIV, HTLV, hepatite B e C, doença de chagas e sífilis coletadas nos anos de 2013 e 2014, na Região Sul do país, período no qual o SARS-CoV-2 era inexistente. Além de amostras Verdadeiro Positivas (VP) e Verdadeiro Negativas (VN), ainda foram incluídas na avaliação amostras de soro ou plasma interferentes com reatividade para HIV, HCV, HTLV, HBsAg, doença de chagas, sífilis e dengue. Resultados:  Dos 178 lotes de TR, 74,1% foram provenientes da China e 25,9%, do Brasil, da Alemanha, da Coreia do Sul, do Canadá, dos EUA, da Cingapura,da Irlanda e da Suíça. O resultado analítico demonstrou que 57,0% dos TR obtiveram resultados satisfatórios e 43,0%, resultados insatisfatórios, quando comparados aos valores de sensibilidade e especificidade declarados pelo fabricante na instrução de uso. Conclusões: Há necessidade de constante monitoramento dos TR para COVID-19, com finalidade precípua de garantir a qualidade dos produtos comercializados no país, um dos pilares das ações do Sistema Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária

SUSTAINABILITY INDICATORS AND SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Entre as estratégias inovadoras utilizadas para coexistir com o semi-árido, destaca-se o uso de Tecnologias Sociais, definidas por sua atribuição a um produto ou técnica criada e modificada para solucionar um problema social nos mais variados aspectos. Seu relevante desempenho na atribuição de indicadores de sustentabilidade, que são responsáveis ​​por medir o grau de eficiência e promover o desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa objetiva identificar publicações sobre indicadores de sustentabilidade relacionados ao uso de tecnologias sociais no semiárido. Neste sentido, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico seguido da Systematic Review, na qual os artigos foram selecionados por busca da combinação de palavras-chave, ou strings, nas bases do Scopus, Web of Science e Engineering Village. Os resultados da pesquisa foram exportados para análise no software Start adotando critérios de inclusão e exclusão para selecionar artigos que incluíssem o objeto de estudo. A base de dados Scopus apresentou mais publicações nessa área de pesquisa, focando suas publicações em periódicos de sustentabilidade. A revisão sistemática possibilitou verificar a ausência de publicações que envolvam o uso de indicadores de sustentabilidade com as Tecnologias Sociais no semi-árido brasileiro

SCIENTIFIC NOTE: SPECIES OF THE GENUS Eimeria Schneider, 1875 (APICOMPLEXA: EIMERIIDAE) IN SMALL RUMINANT IN THE WEST MESORREGION OF THE STATE OF RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRAZIL ESPÉCIES DO GÊNERO Eimeria SCHNEIDER, 1875 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES NA MESORREGIÃO OESTE DO ESTADO DO RIO GRANDE DO NORTE, BRASIL

<!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify">This study aimed to identify the species of the genus Eimeria present in goats and sheep in the west meso region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte. In a total 566 fecal samples were examined between august/2005 and april/2006, from small ruminants of both genders and proceeding from regional rearings. The genus Eimeria were found in 68.42 of the rearings with 20.67% of the animals infected. The parasitism is relatively common among goats (17.92%) and sheeps (25.35%) raised extensively. Eimeria species in goats were: E. ninakohlyakimovae (25.72), E. arloingi (21.96), E. apsheronica (16.18), E. christenseni (12.13), E. alijevi (11.84), E. jolchijevi (5.49), E. caprina (4.04), E. hirci (2.31) and E. caprovina (0.28%). Eimeria species found in sheep were first report in the State of Rio Grande do Norte as E. ovina (34.64%), E. ovinoidallis (20.26%), E. parva (16.99%), E. faurei (13.72%), E. granulosa (7.84%), E. ahsata (4.57%), E. crandallis (0.65%) and E. caprovina (1.3%).<br /><br />KEYWORDS: Eimeriidae, goat, Northeastern Region, sheep, sporulated oocysts.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%"><span>KEYWORDS:<em> Eimeria </em>spp, sporulated<span style="color: red;"> </span>oocysts, goat, sheep.</span></p> <!-- /* Font Definitions */ @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:10.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify">O estudo teve como objetivo identificar as espécies do gênero Eimeria presentes em caprinos e ovinos na região oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram examinadas 566 amostras fecais no período de agosto/2005 a abril/2006, de pequenos ruminantes, de ambos os sexos e provenientes de criações da região. Encontraram-se oocistos de Eimeria em 68,42 dos criatórios com 20,67% dos animais infectados. O parasitismo é relativamente comum entre os caprinos (17,92%) e ovinos (25,35%) criados em regime extensivo. As espécies encontradas em caprinos foram: E. ninakohlyakimovae (25,72%), E. arloingi (21,96%), E apsheronica (16,18%), E. christenseni (12,13%), E. alijevi (11,84%), E. jolchijevi (5,49%), E. caprina (4,04%), E. hirci (2,31%) e E. caprovina (0,28%). As espécies observadas neste estudo em ovinos têm o seu primeiro registro para o Rio Grande do Norte: E. ovina (34,64%), E. ovinoidallis (20,26%), E. parva (16,99%), E. faurei (13,72%), E granulosa (7,84%), E. ahsata (4,57%), E. crandallis (0,65%) e E. caprovina (1,3%). <br /><br />PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Caprino, Eimeriidae, oocistos esporulados, ovino, Região Nordeste.<br /><br /><br />KEYWORDS: Eimeriidae, goat, Northeastern Region, sheep, sporulated oocysts.<br /><br />PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Caprino, Eimeriidae, oocistos esporulados, ovino, Região Nordeste.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify"> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%">PALAVRAS CHAVES: <em>Eimeria </em>spp, oocistos esporulados, caprino, ovino.</p&gt

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias

Characterization of the genetic landscape of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related dementias (ADD) provides a unique opportunity for a better understanding of the associated pathophysiological processes. We performed a two-stage genome-wide association study totaling 111,326 clinically diagnosed/‘proxy’ AD cases and 677,663 controls. We found 75 risk loci, of which 42 were new at the time of analysis. Pathway enrichment analyses confirmed the involvement of amyloid/tau pathways and highlighted microglia implication. Gene prioritization in the new loci identified 31 genes that were suggestive of new genetically associated processes, including the tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway through the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. We also built a new genetic risk score associated with the risk of future AD/dementia or progression from mild cognitive impairment to AD/dementia. The improvement in prediction led to a 1.6- to 1.9-fold increase in AD risk from the lowest to the highest decile, in addition to effects of age and the APOE ε4 allele

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p<0·0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63·0% vs 82·7%; OR 0·35 [0·23–0·53]; p<0·0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer. Interpretation: Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised. Funding: National Institute for Health and Care Research

Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licenseBackground: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70–8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39–8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11–3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26–11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08–7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit